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Tables of Contents for A History of Modern Psychology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Summaries of Important Features
xix
Chapter 1 Introducing Psychology's History
1
23
Psychology and Its History
2
1
Why Study History?
3
2
Why Study Psychology's History?
5
2
Key Issues in History
7
8
Old Versus New History
7
4
Close-Up: Edwin G. Boring (1886-1968)
11
4
Historiography: Doing and Writing History
15
9
Sources of Historical Data
15
2
Problems with the Writing of History
17
3
Approaching Historical Truth
20
4
Chapter 2 The Philosophical Context
24
31
A Long Past
25
1
Descartes and the Beginnings of Modern Philosophy and Science
25
9
Descartes and the Rationalist Argument
27
1
The Cartesian System: Rationalism, Nativism, and Mechanistic Interactionism
28
2
Original Source-Excerpt: Descartes on Mind-Body Interactionism
30
4
The British Empiricist Argument and the Associationists
34
16
John Locke (1632-1704): The Origins of British Empiricism
34
5
George Berkeley (1685-1753): Empiricism Applied to Vision
39
2
British Associationism
41
4
Close-Up: Raising a Philosopher
45
1
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): On the Verge of Psychological Science
46
4
Rationalist Responses to Empiricism
50
2
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716)
51
1
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
52
1
In Perspective
52
3
Chapter 3 The Neurophysiology Context
55
30
Heroic Science in the Age of Enlightenment
56
1
Sensory Physiology
57
8
Reflex Action
57
1
The Bell-Magendie Law
58
2
The Specific Energies of Nerves
60
1
Helmholtz: The Physiologist's Physiologist
61
4
Localization of Brain Function
65
12
The Phrenology of Gall and Spurzheim
66
3
Close-Up: The Marketing of Phrenology
69
1
Flourens and the Method of Ablation
70
1
The Clinical Method
71
2
Original Source Excerpt: Broca Discovers the Speech Center
73
2
Mapping the Brain: Electrical Stimulation
75
2
Early Twentieth-Century Studies of the Nervous System and Behavior
77
8
Neuron Theory
77
1
Sir Charles Sherrington: the Synapse
78
1
Karl Lashley: Learning and the Cortex
79
6
Chapter 4 Wundt and German Psychology
85
33
An Education in Germany
86
1
On the Threshold of Experimental Psychology: Psychophysics
86
6
Ernst Weber (1795-1878)
87
2
Gustav Fechner (1801-1889)
89
2
Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics
91
1
Wundt Establishes a New Psychology at Leipzig
92
13
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): Creating a New Science
92
2
Wundt's Conception of the New Psychology
94
3
Inside Wundt's Laboratory
97
3
Close-Up: An American in Leipzig
100
2
Rewriting History: The New and Improved Wilhelm Wundt
102
2
The Wundtian Legacy
104
1
The New Psychology Spreads
105
13
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909): The Experimental Study of Memory
105
1
Original Source Excerpt: Ebbinghaus on Memory and Forgetting
106
7
G. E. Muller (1850-1934): The Experimentalist Prototype
113
1
Oswald Kulpe (1862-1915): The Wurzburg School
114
4
Chapter 5 Darwin's Century: Evolutionary Thinking
118
31
The Species Problem
119
1
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and the Theory of Evolution
120
11
The Shaping of a Naturalist
120
2
The Voyage of the Beagle
122
3
The Evolution of Darwin's Theory
125
5
Darwin and Psychology's History
130
1
The Origins of Comparative Psychology
131
7
Darwin on the Evolution of Emotional Expressions
131
2
Close-Up: Douglas Spalding and the Experimental Study of Instinct
133
2
George Romanes (1848-1894): The Anecdotal Method
135
1
Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852-1936): The Principle of Parsimony
136
2
Studying Individual Differences
138
8
Francis Galton (1822-1911): Jack of All Sciences
138
3
Original Source Excerpt: Galton on Measurement, Imagery, and Association
141
5
Darwin's Century in Perspective
146
3
Chapter 6 American Pioneers
149
33
Psychology in Nineteenth-Century America
150
3
Faculty Psychology
150
1
The Modern University
151
2
William James (1842-1910): America's First Psychologist
153
11
The Formative Years
153
1
A Life at Harvard
154
2
Creating American Psychology's Most Famous Textbook
156
3
Original Source Excerpt: William James on Emotion
159
3
James's Later Years
162
2
William James in Perspective
164
1
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924): Professionalizing Psychology
164
9
Hall's Early Life and Education
165
2
From Johns Hopkins to Clark
167
1
Psychology at Clark
168
1
Close-Up: Creating Maze Learning
169
4
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930): Challenging the Male Monopoly
173
6
Calkin's Life and Work
174
3
Other Women Pioneers: Untold Lives
177
2
The New Psychology at the Millennium
179
3
Chapter 7 Structuralism and Functionalism
182
35
Titchener's Psychology: Structuralism
183
16
From Oxford to Leipzig to Cornell
183
2
Promoting Experimental Psychology at Cornell
185
4
Original Source Excerpt: Titchener's Structuralism
189
5
Close-Up: The Introspective Attitude
194
2
The Elements of Conscious Experience
196
1
Evaluating Titchener's Contributions to Psychology
197
2
America's Psychology: Functionalism
199
18
The Chicago Functionalists
200
6
The Columbia Functionalists
206
11
Chapter 8 Applying the New Psychology
217
38
Pressures Toward Application
218
1
The Mental Testing Movement
219
23
James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944): An American Galton
220
2
Alfred Binet (1857-1911): The Birth of Intelligence Testing
222
4
Henry H. Goddard (1866-1957): Binet's Test Comes to America
226
2
Close-Up: The Kallikaks
228
3
Lewis M. Terman (1877-1956): Institutionalizing IQ
231
3
Robert M. Yerkes (1876-1956): The Army Testing Program
234
6
The Controversy Over Intelligence
240
2
Applying Psychology to Business
242
1
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916): The Diversity of Applied Psychology
243
7
Original Source Excerpt: Munsterberg and Employee Selection
244
6
Other Leading Industrial Psychologists
250
5
Chapter 9 Gestalt Psychology
255
34
The Origins and Development of Gestalt Psychology
256
6
Max Wertheimer (1880-1943): Founding Gestalt Psychology
257
2
Koffka (1886-1941) and Kohler (1887-1967): The Cofounders
259
1
Close-Up: A Case of Espionage?
260
2
Gestalt Psychology and Perception
262
3
Principles of Perceptual Organization
262
2
Behavioral Versus Geographic Environments
264
1
Psychophysical Isomorphism
265
1
The Gestalt Approach to Cognition and Learning
265
9
Original Source Excerpt: Kohler on Insight in Apes
266
5
Wertheimer on Productive Thinking
271
1
Other Gestalt Research on Cognition
272
2
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947): Expanding the Gestalt Vision
274
11
Early Life and Career
274
1
Field Theory
275
3
Lewin as Developmental Psychologist
278
3
Lewin as Social Psychologist
281
3
Evaluating Lewin
284
1
In Perspective: Gestalt Psychology in America
285
4
Chapter 10 The Origins of Behaviorism
289
32
Behaviorism's Antecedents
290
1
Pavlov's Life and Work
291
10
The Development of a Physiologist
292
1
Working in Pavlov's Laboratory
293
1
Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Research
294
4
Pavlov and the Soviets
298
1
Pavlov and the Americans
299
1
Close-Up: Misportraying Pavlov's Apparatus
300
1
John B. Watson and the Founding of Behaviorism
301
20
The Young Functionalist at Chicago
302
3
Opportunity Knocks at Johns Hopkins
305
3
Original Source Excerpt: Watson and Rayner's Little Albert Study
308
7
A New Life in Advertising
315
1
Popularizing Behaviorism
316
1
Evaluating Watsonian Behaviorism
317
4
Chapter 11 The Evolution of Behaviorism
321
37
Post-Watsonian Behaviorism
322
4
Logical Positivism and Operationism
323
2
Neobehaviorism
325
1
Edward C. Tolman (1886-1959): A Purposive Behaviorism
326
10
Tolman's System
327
4
Tolman's Research Program
331
3
Evaluating Tolman
334
2
Clark Hull (1884-1952): A Hypothetico-Deductive System
336
7
Hull's System
339
1
Evaluating Hull
340
3
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990): A Radical Behaviorism
343
12
Original Source Excerpt: Creating the Skinner Box
344
6
The Experimental Analysis of Behavior
350
2
The Technology of Behavior
352
1
Close-up: A Skinnerian Utopia
353
1
Evaluating Skinner
354
1
Behaviorism in Perspective
355
3
Chapter 12 Psychoanalysis and Clinical Psychology
358
39
Early Treatment of the Mentally Ill
359
4
"Enlightened" Reform: Pinel, Tuke, and Rush
359
2
Reforming Asylums: Dix and Beers
361
2
Mesmerism and Hypnosis
363
5
Mesmerism and Animal Magnetism
363
2
From Mesmerism to Hypnosis
365
1
The Hypnotism Controversies
366
2
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Founding Psychoanalysis
368
18
Early Life and Education
368
4
Creating Psychoanalysis
372
2
Close-up: Freud's Inner Circle: Loyalty and Dissent
374
2
Original Source Excerpt: Freud's Lectures on Psychoanalysis at Clark University
376
5
The Evolution of Psychoanalytic Theory
381
2
The Reception of Psychoanalysis Among American Psychologists
383
1
Freud in Perspective
384
2
Clinical Psychology in America
386
11
Lightner Witmer (1867-1956): Creating Psychology's First Clinic
386
3
Clinical Psychology Prior to World War II
389
1
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy at Mid-Century
390
7
Chapter 13 The Postwar Emergency of Cognitive Psychology
397
28
Cognitive Psychology Arrives (Again)
398
27
The Roots of Cognitive Psychology
398
4
A Convergence of Influences
402
4
Close-Up: What Revolution?
406
1
Magical Numbers, Selective Filters, Focus Gambling, and TOTE Units
407
6
Original Source Excerpt: Neisser on Cognitive Psychology
413
4
The Spread of Cognitive Psychology
417
2
Pragmatism Revisited: The Problem of Ecological Validity
419
1
Cognitive Science
419
3
Cognitive Psychology in Perspective
422
3
Chapter 14 Linking Psychology's Past and Present
425
18
The Growth and Diversity of Psychology
426
6
Women in Psychology's History
427
2
Minorities in Psychology's History
429
3
Trends in Contemporary Psychology
432
6
The Brain and Behavior
433
2
Evolutionary Psychology
435
2
Professional Psychology
437
1
Psychology or Psychologies?
438
5
References
443
20
Glossary
463
12
Photo, Text, and Illustration Credits
475
4
Name Index
479
6
Subject Index
485