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Tables of Contents for Attachment and Loss
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
Preface
1
6
Part I: Observations, Concepts and Controversies
The Trauma of Loss
7
16
Prelude
7
2
Grief in infancy and early childhood
9
5
Do young children mourn? a controversy
14
5
Detachment
19
4
The Place of Loss and Mourning in Psychopathology
23
15
A clinical tradition
23
1
Ideas regarding the nature of mourning processes, healthy and pathological
24
10
Ideas to account for individual differences in response to loss
34
4
Conceptual Framework
38
6
Attachment theory: an outline
38
3
Stressors and states of stress and distress
41
3
An Information Processing Approach to Defence
44
31
A new approach
44
1
Exclusion of information from further processing
44
2
Subliminal perception and perceptual defence
46
6
Stages at which processes of defensive exclusion may operate
52
7
Self or selves
59
5
Some consequences of defensive exclusion
64
5
Conditions that promote defensive exclusion
69
3
Defensive exclusion: adaptive or maladaptive
72
3
Plan of Work
75
6
Part II: The Mourning of Adults
Loss of Spouse
81
31
Sources
81
4
Four phases of mourning
85
18
Differences between widows and widowers
103
3
Note: details of sources
106
6
Loss of Child
112
14
Introduction
112
1
Parents of fatally ill children
113
9
Parents of infants who are stillborn or die early
122
2
Affectional bounds of different types: a note
124
2
Mourning in Other Cultures
126
11
Beliefs and customs common to many cultures
126
6
Mourning a grown son in Tikopia
132
2
Mourning a husband in Japan
134
3
Disordered Variants
137
35
Two main variants
137
4
Chronic mounrning
141
11
Prolonged absence of conscious grieving
152
9
Mislocations of the lost person's presence
161
8
Euphoria
169
3
Conditions Affecting the Course of Mourning
172
30
Five categories of variable
172
1
Identity and role of person lost
173
5
Age and sex of person bereaved
178
2
Causes and circumstances of loss
180
7
Social and psychological circumstances affecting the bereaved
187
8
Evidence from therapeutic intervention
195
7
Personalities Prone to Disordered Mourning
202
12
Limitations of evidence
202
1
Disposition to make anxious and ambivalent relationships
203
3
Disposition towards compulsive caregiving
206
5
Disposition to assert independence of affectional ties
211
11
Tentative conclusions
222
Childhood Experiences of Persons Prone to Disordered Mourning
214
15
Traditional theories
214
1
The position adopted
214
4
Experiences disposing towards anxious and ambivalent attachment
218
4
Experiences disposing towards compulsive caregiving
222
2
Experiences disposing towards assertion of independence of affectional ties
224
5
Cognitive Processes Contributing to Variations in Response to Loss
229
16
A framework for conceptualizing cognitive processes
229
3
Cognitive biases affecting responses to loss
232
2
Biases contributing to chronic mourning
234
5
Biases contributing to prolonged absence of grieving
239
1
Biased perceptions of potential comforters
240
2
Biases contributing to a healthy outcome
242
1
Interaction of cognitive biases with other conditions affecting responses to loss
243
2
Sadness, Depression and Depressive Disorder
245
20
Sadness and depression
245
1
Depressive disorder and childhood experience
246
4
Depressive disorders and their relation to loss: George Brown's study
250
11
The role of neurophysiological processes
261
4
Part III: The Mourning of Children
Death of Parent during Childhood and Adolescence
265
11
Sources and plan of work
265
6
When and what a child is told
271
2
Children's ideas about death
273
3
Children's Responses when Conditions are Favourable
276
19
Mourning in two four-year-olds
276
9
Some tentative conclusions
285
5
Differences between children's mourning and adults'
290
2
Behaviour of surviving parents to their bereaved children
292
3
Childhood Bereavement and Psychiatric Disorder
295
16
Increased risk of psychiatric disorder
295
5
Some disorders to which childhood bereavement contributes
300
11
Conditions Responsible for Differences in Outcome
311
9
Sources of evidence
311
1
Evidence from surveys
312
5
Evidence from therapeutic studies
317
3
Children's Responses when Conditions are Unfavourable
320
25
Four Children whose mourning failed
320
1
Peter, eleven when father died
321
6
Henry, eight when mother died
327
6
Visha, ten when father died
333
5
Geraldine, eitht when mother died
338
7
Deactivation and the Concept of Segregated Systems
345
5
Disordered Variants and Some Conditions Contributing
350
31
Persisting anxiety
351
3
Hopes of reunion: desire to die
354
4
Persisting blame and guilt
358
3
Overactivity: aggressive and destructive outbursts
361
4
Compulsive caregiving and self-reliance
365
5
Euphoria and depersonalization
370
6
Identificatory symptoms: accidents
376
5
Effects of a Parent's Suicide
381
9
Proportion of parents' deaths due to suicide
381
1
Findings from surveys
382
1
Findings from therapeutic studies
383
7
Responses to Loss during the Third and Fourth Years
390
22
Questions remaining
390
1
Responses when conditions are favourable
390
7
Responses when conditions are unfavourable
397
15
Responses to Loss during the Second Year
412
13
A transitional period
412
1
Responses when conditions are favourable
412
4
Responses when conditions are unfavourable
416
9
Young Children's Responses in the Light of Early Cognitive Development
425
16
Developing the concept of person permanence
425
8
The role of person permanence in determining responses to separation and loss
433
8
Epilogue
441
2
Bibliography
443
20
Author Index
463
4
Subject Index
467