Acknowledgments

Introduction

PART I: PRE-HISTORY OF A GAY AND LESBIAN MOVEMENT

Enlightenment Backgrounds

``Of the Crime Against Nature,'' from The Spirit of the Laws (1754)

Charles-Louis de Secondat

Baron de La Brede et de Montesquieu

``Crimes Difficult To Prove,'' from On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

Cesare Bonesana

Marchese di Beccaria

``The Love Called `Socratic,''' from the Philosophical Dictionary (1764)

Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet)

Commentaries on the Laws of England Book IV, Chapter 15 (1769)

Sir William Blackstone

``Offenses Against Oneself: Paederasty'' (ca. 1785)

Jeremy Bentham

``Offenses Against Taste'' (1814-16)

Jeremy Bentham

The French Revolution: Sexual Liberation and Political Speech

``Les Petits Bougres au Manege, or The Little Bugger-go-Round'' (1790)

Anonymous

``The Children of Sodom Before the National Assembly, or Delegation of the Order of the Cuff Before the Representatives of all Other Orders of All Sixty Districts of Paris and Versailles'' (1790)

Charles Marquis de Villette

``Liberty, or Miss Raucour'' (1791)

Anonymous

``Dialogue the Fifth'' from Philosophy in the Bedroom (1795)

Comte Donatien-Alphonse-Francois

Marquis de Sade

``Yet Another Effort, Frenchmen, If You Would Become Republicans'' from Philosophy in the Bedroom (1795)

Comte Donatien-Alphonse-Francois

Marquis de Sade

PART II: THE BEGINNINGS OF A GAY AND LESBIAN MOVEMENT

The Third Sex Theory and the Creation of Political Subjects

Paragraph 175 of the German Imperial Penal Code

``Araxes'' (1870)

Karl Heinrich Ulrichs

Critical Arrow (1879)

Karl Heinrich Ulrichs

``An Open Letter to the Prussian Minister of Justice'' (1869)

Karoly Maria (Kertbeny) Benkert

``Democratic Vistas'' (1871)

Walt Whitman

the Preface to Leaves of Grass (1876)

Walt Whitman

the ``Terminal Essay'' of The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1886)

Sir Richard Francis Burton

``A Problem in Modern Ethics'' (1891)

John Addington Symonds

From the trial of Oscar Wilde (1895)

The Intermediate Sex (1894-1907)

Edward Carpenter

The Emergence of a Gay and Lesbian Political Culture in Germany

The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee

``Petition to the Reichstag'' (1897)

Magnus Hirschfeld

Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, ``The Social Problem of Sexual Inversion'' (1903)

``What Interest Does the Women's Movement Have in the Homosexual Question?'' (1904)

Anna Rueling

Cultural Critique: The Community of the Special

``Memoir for the Friends and Contributors of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee in the Name of the Secession of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee'' (1907)

Benedict Friedlander

``Seven Propositions'' (1908)

Benedict Friedlander

``What We Want'' (1925)

Adolf Brand

Legal Reform: Kurt Hiller and the Action Committee

``Declaration of the Action Committee for the Repeal of Paragraph 175'' (1921)

Kurt Hiller

``On the State of the Struggle: Brash Thoughts'' (1923)

Kurt Hiller

Combining Political and Cultural Work: The League for Human Rights

``Penal Law Reform'' (1931)

Friedrich Radszuweit

``Paragraph 175 as the Focus of Political Struggle''

Friedrich Radszuweit

Paragraph 175 (Nazi version) (1935)

Britain and France

The British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology (1914)

``The Sexual Variety and Variability Among Women and their Bearing upon Social Reconstruction'' (1915)

F. W. Stella Browne

``Studies in Feminine Inversion'' (1923)

F. W. Stella Browne

``Predestined for Free Choice'' (1910)

Natalie Clifford Barney

Selections from Inversions (1925)

From Liberalism to the New Social Relations of Soviet Socialism

People of the Moonlight (1911)

V. V. Rozanov

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, ``Homosexuality'' (1930, 1951), with fragments of speeches

Maxim Gorky

N. V. Krylenko

Subculture, Censorship, and Civil Rights in the United States

The Well of Loneliness: People v. Friede (1929)

``In Defense of Homosexuality'' (1932)

Parisex (Henry Gerber)

New York City Police Report, ``Commercialized Amusement'' (1928)

The San Francisco Spokesman, ``Prejudice Against Homosexuals'' (1932)

``The Homosexual in Society'' (1944)

Robert Duncan

``Preservation of Innocence'' (1949)

James Baldwin

PART III: THE HOMOPHILE MOVEMENT 1950-1969

Context

U.S. Senate, ``Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in the U.S. Government'' (1950)

The U.K. Parliamentary Committee on Homosexuality and Prostitution, from the Wolfenden Report (1957)

ACLU, ``Homosexuality and Civil Liberties'' (1957)

``The Society We Envisage,'' Chapter 21 of The Homosexual in America (1951)

Donald Webster Cory

The Mattachine Society

Mattachine Foundation/Mattachine Society, Mission Statement and Membership Pledge (1951)

``The Homosexual Faces a Challenge'' (1956)

Ken Burns

``An Open Letter to Senator Dirksen'' (1955)

Anonymous

``On the Bisexuality of Man'' (1955)

Ward Summer

``The Homosexual Veteran'' (1955)

MacKinneth Fingal

``A Homosexual Looks at the Child Molester'' (1956)

James (Barr) Fugate

``Sexual Freedom: Why it is Feared'' (1962)

Robert Anton Wilson

``Sex Offenses: An Obsolete Concept'' (1962)

R. E. L. Masters

Letter to Members of the U. S. House of Representatives (1962)

Franklin Kameny

One

ONE, Statement of Beliefs and Purposes (1953)

``To Be Accused, is to Be Guilty'' (1953)

Dale Jennings

``The Homosexual Culture'' (1953)

David Freeman

``A Frank Look at the Mattachine: Can Homosexuals Organize?'' (1954)

Jeff Winters

``Preamble to Constitution Changed Over Objection of Some Members'' (1953)

Mattachine Newsletter

``The Importance of Being Different'' (1954)

Lyn Pederson (Jim Kepner)

``I Am Glad I Am a Homosexual'' (1958)

Hollister Barnes (Dorr Legg)

Daughters of Bilitis

Daughters of Bilitis, ``Statement of Purpose'' (1955)

``What About the DOB?'' (1959)

Anonymous

``The Homosexual Vote'' (1962)

Dorothy L. (Del) Martin

``The Philosophy of DOB: The Evolution of an Idea'' (1963)

Anonymous

``Does Research into Homosexuality Matter?'' (1965)

Franklin Kameny

``A Homosexual Ghetto?'' (1965)

Leo Ebreo

``What Concrete Steps Can Be Taken to Further the Homophile Movement?'' (1966)

Shirley Willer

``The Lesbian's Other Identity'' (1968)

Dorothy L. (Del) Martin

``Of What Use is NACHO?'' (1969)

Rita Laporte

``Lesbianism and Feminism'' (1969)

Wilda Chase

``If That's All There Is'' (1970)

Dorothy L. (Del) Martin

``The Butch/Femme Question'' (1971)

Rita Laporte

``From a Soul Sister's Notebook'' (1972)

Anita Cornwell

``Gay is Good'' (1969)

Franklin Kameny

PART IV: GAY LIBERATION AND LESBIAN-FEMINISM

``A Gay Manifesto'' (1969-1970)

Carl Wittman

The Red Butterfly, ``Comments on Carl Wittman's `A Gay Manifesto''' (1970)

``Gay is Good'' (1970)

Martha Shelley

Chicago Gay Liberation Front, ``A Leaflet for the American Medical Association'' (1970)

Radicalesbians, ``The Woman-Identified Woman'' (1970)

Third World Gay Revolution, ``The Oppressed Shall Not Become the Oppressor'' (1970)

Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention, ``Statement of the Male Homosexual Workshop'' and ``Demands of the Lesbian Workshop'' (1970)

``A Letter from Huey to the Revolutionary Brothers and Sisters About the Women's Liberation and Gay Liberation Movements'' (1970)

Huey Newton

``Letter From Cuban Gay People to the North American Gay Liberation Movement'' (1970)

Cuban First National Congress on Education and Culture, ``Declaration'' (1971)

Responses by Gay Liberation Party and the Gay Committee of Returned Brigadistas (1971)

``Policy on Gay Recruitment'' (1972)

Venceremos Brigade

``Capitalism, the Family, and the Anus'' (1972)

Guy Hocquenghem

``Lesbians in Revolt'' (1972)

Charlotte Bunch

``Lesbianism and Feminism: Synonyms or Contradictions?'' (1973)

Robin Morgan

``The Effeminist Manifesto'' (1973)

Steven Dansky

John Knoebel

Kenneth Pitchford

``The Gay Revolutionary Project'' (1977)

Mario Mieli

``The Anita Bryant Brigade'' (1977)

Martin Duberman

``The Hope Speech'' (1978)

Harvey Milk

``Questions for Michel Foucault'' (1978)

Michel Foucault

North American Man-Boy Love Association, ``The Case for Abolishing the Age of Consent Laws'' (1980)

National Organization for Women, ``Resolution on Lesbian and Gay Rights'' (1980)

OIKABETH, Lambda Homosexual Liberation Group, and Homosexual Revolutionary Action Front (Mexico), ``Message From Mexico: Questions for Cuba'' (1980)

``I Am Your Sister: Black Women Organizing Across Sexualities'' (1980)

Audre Lorde

``I Hear Voices But See No Faces: Reflections on Racism and Woman-Identified Relationships of Afro-American Women'' (1981)

Vickie M. Mays

``Anti-Semitism in the Lesbian/Feminist Movement'' (1981)

Irena Klepfisz

``Gay Politics: Sixteen Propositions'' (1981)

Michael Denneny

``Lesbian Feminism and the Gay Rights Movement'' (1981)

Marilyn Frye

``Goodbye to Sally Gerhart'' (1981)

John Preston

``Feminism and Sadomasochism'' (1981)

Pat Califia

``Sex: The New Front Line for Gay Politics'' (1982)

Dennis Altman

``Sadism, Masochism, and Lesbian-Feminism'' (1982)

Sarah Lucia Hoagland

``The Fem Question'' (1982)

Joan Nestle

``Gay Racism'' (1982)

J. R. G. DeMarco

``Why a Black Gay Church?'' (1986)

James S. Tinney

PART V: THE GAY AND LESBIAN POLITICS OF AIDS

``We Know Who We Are'' (1982)

Richard Berkowitz

Michael Callen

Richard Dworkin

``How to Have Sex in an Epidemic'' (1983)

Richard Berkowitz

Michael Callen

``Blood and Politics'' (1983)

Lawrence Mass

``1, 112 and Counting'' (1983)

Larry Kramer

``AIDS and the Gay Men's Health Crisis of New York'' (1983)

Peg Byron

People with AIDS/ARC, ``The Denver Principles'' (1983)

Coalition for Sexual Responsibility, ``Interim Report'' (1985)

``An Open Letter to Richard Dunne and GMHC'' (1987)

Larry Kramer

``The Beginning of ACTing UP'' (1987)

Larry Kramer

``Staying Alive: Making the Ultimate Political Statement'' (1989)

Martin Delaney

Positively Healthy News, ``Positively Healthy'' (1989)

``Stop The Church'' (1989):

ACT UP and WHAM, ``Action Update,'' ``Letter to Parishioners of St. Patrick's Cathedral,'' post-action Position Statement, and Media Report

Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights, Statement

Gay Men's Health Crisis, ``Statement on Action at St. Patrick's Cathedral''

Courage,``Support Your Church!!''

``Stop the Church''

Tom Shultz

``Re: Cathedral Protest''

Neil M. Broome

Majority Action Committee, Statement

Latino/a AIDS Activists of ACT UP, ``Silence=Death''

Caucus of Asian and Pacific Islander AIDS Activists, ``Manifesto''

``AIDS and Politics: Transformation of Our Movement'' (1989)

Maxine Wolfe

``Let My People In'' (1990)

Mark Harrington

``ACT UP at a Crossroads'' (1990)

Donna Minkowitz

``Gay Lib vs. AIDS: Averting Civil War in the 1990s'' (1990)

Eric E. Rofes

``The Homosexualization of AIDS'' (1990)

Daniel Defert

Bombay Dost, Charter and Editorial (1991)

``Seven Days and Five Nights in Kuala Lumpur'' (1993)

Julian Jayaseelan

``Lesbian Leadership and Lesbian Denial in the AIDS Epidemic'' (1993)

Amber Hollibaugh

Rethinking AIDS, ``It's Time to Re-Evaluate the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis'' (1992)

The AIDS War (1993)

John Lauritsen

``Why AIDS is Really AIDSGate'' (1993)

Charles Ortleb

``Whatever Happened to AIDS?'' (1993)

Jeffrey Schmalz

``Above All, Life'' (1993)

Herbert Daniel

``Spiritual Reality and HIV: Reality and Healing'' (1994)

Robert E. Penn

PART VI: THE PRESENT MOMENT AND THE FUTURE OF DESIRE

``Bridge, Drawbridge, Sandbar, or Island'' (1988)

Gloria Anzaldua

``Out of the Clause, Into the Workhouse'' (1988)

Wages Due Lesbians

``Strategy: Persuasion, Not Invasion'' (1989)

Hunter Madsen

Marshall Kirk

``Why Gay People Should Seek the Right to Marry'' (1989)

Thomas B. Stoddard

``Since When Is Marriage a Path To Liberation?'' (1989)

Paula L. Ettelbrick

``Out of South Africa'' (1989)

Mark Chesnut

Simon Nkoli

``Is 'Outing' Gays Ethical?'' (1990)

Randy Shilts

``Who Should Open the Closet Door?'' (1992)

Michelangelo Signorile

``Letter to William F. Buckley'' (1990)

Marvin Liebman

``Queers Read This''; ``I Hate Straights'' (1990)

Anonymous

``Wimmin-and Lesbian-Only Spaces: Thought Into Action'' (1990)

Julia Penelope

``Celebrating African-American Lesbian and Gay History'' (1990)

Craig Harris

``Chicana Lesbians: Fear and Loathing in the Chicano Community'' (1990)

Carla Trujillo

``Let's Put Our Own House in Order'' (1991)

Urvashi Vaid

``Loving Whom We Choose'' (1991)

Lisa Orlando

Lesbians for Justice, ``Resolution Condemning Discrimination Against and Exclusion of Transsexual Lesbians Within the Gay and Lesbian Community'' and ``An Open Letter to the Organizers of the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival'' (1992)

``Letter to the Queer Generation'' (1992)

Arnie Kantrowitz

``Lesbians and Their Emancipation in the Former German Democratic Republic: Past and Future'' (1993)

Christina Schenck

``Reclaiming Our Historic Rights: Gays and Lesbians in the Philippines'' (1993)

Jomar Fleras

``The International Lesbian and Gay Association Five Years Later'' (1994)

Micha Ramakers

Stonewall 25, ``Statement from the International March on the United Nations to Affirm the Human Rights of Lesbian and Gay People'' (1994)

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