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Tables of Contents for Honey Bees
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
x
Preface
xiii
The ecological importance of honey bees and their relevance to ecotoxicology
1
11
Summary
1
1
Introduction
1
1
Taxonomical position
2
1
The biological cycle of the honey bee colony
2
3
Sensory organs and communication processes
5
1
Nutrition
6
1
Ecological importance of the honey bee
7
1
The relevance of the honey bee to ecotoxicology
8
1
Conclusion
9
1
References
10
2
Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in beehive atmospheres
12
30
Summary
12
1
Introduction
12
1
Methods and materials
13
2
Results
15
1
Discussion
16
17
Conclusion
33
1
Acknowledgments
34
1
References
35
7
Risk assessment of plant protection products on honey bees: regulatory aspects
42
14
Summary
42
1
Introduction
42
1
Bees and plant protection products: a difficult interaction
43
1
Plant protection products and regulatory provisions on honey bees and pollinator insects in France
44
3
European regulation to assess risks of plant protection products on bees
47
4
Regulatory situation in the USA
51
1
Conclusion
52
2
References
54
2
Acute toxicity of pesticides to honey bees
56
11
Summary
56
1
Introduction
56
1
Experimental determination
57
1
Effects on the different members of the colony
58
1
Type of pesticide and formulation
59
1
Relative acute toxicity of pesticides to honey bees based on laboratory and field tests
60
1
Other factors affecting the acute toxicity of pesticides
60
4
Concluding remarks
64
1
References
64
3
The proboscis extension response: assessing the sublethal effects of pesticides on the honey bee
67
18
Summary
67
1
Introduction
67
1
Classical methods of assessing sublethal toxicity in the honey bee
68
2
The conditioning proboscis extension assay
70
9
Conclusion
79
2
References
81
4
Effects of imidacloprid on the neural processes of memory in honey bees
85
16
Summary
85
1
Introduction
85
2
Materials and methods
87
3
Results
90
8
Discussion
98
1
References
99
2
Impact of agrochemicals on non-Apis bees
101
31
Summary
101
1
Introduction
101
2
Historical background of pesticide risk assessment on non-Apis bees
103
2
Survey of testing methods
105
7
Comparative toxicity and hazards of pesticides to non-Apis bees
112
13
Conclusion
125
1
References
126
6
Honey bees as indicators of radionuclide contamination: a truly use ful biomonitor?
132
19
Summary
132
1
Introduction
132
2
Field experiments
134
5
Discussion
139
9
Conclusion
148
1
References
148
3
Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 in French honeys collected after the Chernobyl accident
151
9
Summary
151
1
Introduction
151
1
Materials and methods
152
1
Results and discussion
153
4
Concluding remarks
157
1
References
158
2
The role of honey bees in environmental monitoring in Croatia
160
26
Summary
160
1
Honey bees in radioactive environmental monitoring
160
13
Transfer of radionuclides and selected elements from soils through conifers and into honey
173
9
Concluding remarks
182
1
Acknowledgment
183
1
References
183
3
Use of honey bees as bioindicators of environmental pollution in Italy
186
62
Summary
186
1
Introduction
187
2
Monitoring of pesticides
189
26
Monitoring of heavy metals
215
9
Monitoring of radionuclides
224
9
Monitoring of Phytopathogenic microorganisms
233
4
General conclusions
237
2
Acknowledgments
239
1
References
239
9
Typology of French acacia honeys based on their concentrations in metallic and nonmetallic elements
248
21
Summary
248
1
Introduction
248
1
Materials and methods
249
3
Analytical results
252
5
Multivariate analysis of the honey samples
257
6
Discussion
263
2
Concluding remarks
265
1
Acknowledgment
265
1
References
266
3
The role of insect-resistant transgenic crops in agriculture
269
21
Summary
269
1
Introduction
269
1
Entomotoxins introduced into plants by recombinant DNA technology
270
6
Commercialization and risk assessment of insect-resistant transgenic crops
276
6
Conclusion and perspectives
282
1
References
282
8
Using proteins to assess the potential impacts of genetically modified plants on honey bees
290
22
Summary
290
1
Introduction
290
2
Recent research results
292
11
Concluding remarks
303
1
Acknowledgments
304
1
References
304
8
Direct and indirect effects of genetically modified plants on the honey bee
312
15
Summary
312
1
Introduction
312
1
Honey bee--GM plant interactions
313
5
Potential direct effects of GM plants on honey bees
318
2
Potential indirect effects of GM plants on honey bees
320
3
Conclusion
323
1
Acknowledgments
324
1
References
324
3
Index
327