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Tables of Contents for Crime in the Home Health Care Field
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Home, Home on the Range: Where Health Care is Provided and Crimes are Committed
3
33
Introduction
3
2
The Nature of Home Health Care
5
1
The History of Home Health Care
6
9
Early Home Health Care
7
3
Factors Influencing Home Health Care Expansion
10
5
The Structure of Home Health Care
15
10
Types of Home Health Care Agencies
15
3
Occupations in the Home Health Care Field
18
4
Occupational Drawbacks
22
3
Crime in the Home Health Care Field
25
8
Conceptualizing Crime in the Home Health Care Industry
29
2
Types of Crime in the Home Health Care Industry
31
2
Summary and Presentation Plan
33
3
Home Health Care Professionals as Victims and Witnesses
36
34
Introduction
36
1
Types of Abuse Against Home Health Care Professionals
37
11
Non-Fatal Assaults
41
2
Verbal Abuse
43
1
Sexual Abuse
44
1
Intimidation
44
1
Inconsiderate Practices by Clients
45
1
Transportation Accidents
46
1
Homicides
47
1
Risk Factors
48
4
Patient-Based Risk Factors
49
1
Occupation-Based Risk Factors
50
1
Contact with the Public
50
1
Exchange of Money
50
1
Having a Mobile Workplace
51
1
Working Alone or in Small Numbers
51
1
Working Late at Night, During Early Morning Hours, or in High Crime Areas
52
1
Preventing and Responding to Victimization
52
10
Management Commitment
53
2
Employee Involvement
55
2
Hazard Analysis, Hazard Prevention, and Control
57
1
Training and Education
57
1
Recognizing Potentially Volatile Situations
58
1
Avoiding Volatile Situations
59
2
Diffusing Volatile Situations
61
1
Responding to Violence after the Fact
61
1
Home Health Care Workers as Witnesses and Reporters
62
5
Concluding Remarks
67
3
Crimes by Home Health Professionals: Violence, Theft, and Deception
70
35
Introduction
70
3
Homicide
73
2
Physical Abuse
75
1
Sexual Abuse
76
3
Neglect
79
1
Drug-Related Offenses
80
1
Emotional Abuse
81
2
Rights Violations
83
1
Theft from Clients
83
3
Theft from Medicare/Medicaid
86
16
The Structure of Medicare and Medicaid
87
1
Factors Contributing to Concerns about Fraud
88
3
Fraud versus Abuse Conceptualizations
91
1
Legal Definitions of Fraud
92
1
Types of Fraud in the Home Health Industry
93
1
The Provision of Unnecessary Services
94
2
Billing for Services Not Provided
96
2
Overcharging
98
1
Forgery
98
1
Negative Charting
99
1
Substitute Providers
100
1
Double Billing
100
1
Kickbacks
101
1
Patterns Surrounding Fraud
102
2
Source of Crime in Home Health Care Field--Caregiver or Customer?
102
1
Types of Providers More Prone to Crime in the Home Health Care Field
102
1
Offenses Usually Occur Over Time
103
1
The Group Context
103
1
Concluding Remarks
104
1
Responding to Crime in the Home Health Care Field: Strategies, Obstacles, and Issues
105
46
Introduction
105
4
Detecting Home Health Care Offenses
109
13
Referrals from Care Recipients/Family Members
110
1
Referrals from Caregivers
111
1
Referrals from Competitors
112
1
Referrals from Anonymous Tips
112
1
Referrals from Employers
113
6
Referrals from Current and Former Employees
119
1
Referrals from Local and State Agencies
120
1
Audits as Detection Strategies
121
1
Investigating Home Health Care Misconduct
122
2
Prosecuting Home Health Care Misconduct
124
7
Criminal Prosecutions of Home Health Care Offenses
124
1
Civil Prosecutions of Home Health Care Offenses
125
1
Civil Prosecutions by Justice Officials
126
1
False Claims Act Prosecutions
127
1
Qui Tam Lawsuits
128
3
Punishing Home Health Care Misconduct
131
4
Fines as Punishment of Home Health Care Offenders
132
1
Probation and Home Health Care Offenders
132
1
Incarcerating Home Health Care Offenders
133
2
License Revocation and Program Exclusion
135
1
Problems Responding to Home Health Care Misconduct
135
13
Proof Problems
136
2
Witness Problems
138
1
Memory Problems
138
1
Cognitive Problems
138
1
Relational Obstacles
139
1
Conspiracy Problems
140
1
The Hidden Nature of Home Health Care Misconduct
141
1
Record Chasing
142
1
Complexity
143
1
Statutory Problems
144
1
Minor Losses
144
1
The Problem of Offender Sympathy
145
1
The Time Problem
145
1
Ageism
146
1
Funding
147
1
Cooperation and Home Health Care Investigations
148
1
Concluding Remarks
149
2
Preventing Home Health Care Misconduct
151
6
Institutional Causes
151
1
Organizational Causes
152
1
Societal Causes
153
3
Concluding Remarks
156
1
References
157
10
Name Index
167
5
Subject Index
172