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Tables of Contents for Physics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
PRELUDE: THE WORLD OF PHYSICS
The Large-Scale World
1
10
The Small-Scale World
11
Measurement of Space, Time, and Mass
1
24
Space and Time
2
3
Frames of Reference
5
1
The Unit of Length
6
3
The Unit of Time
9
3
The Unit of Mass
12
2
Derived Units
14
1
Significant Figures; Conversion of Units and Consistency of Units
15
10
Summary
20
1
Questions
21
1
Problems
21
4
Kinematics in One Dimension
25
27
Average Speed
26
1
Average Velocity in One Dimension
27
2
Instantaneous Velocity
29
3
Acceleration
32
2
Motion with Constant Acceleration
34
3
The Acceleration of Gravity
37
15
Supplement: Advice on Solving Problems
42
1
Summary
43
1
Questions
43
2
Problems
45
7
Vectors
52
22
The Displacement Vector and the General Definition of a Vector
52
2
Vector Addition and Subtraction
54
4
The Position Vector; Components of Vectors
58
3
Vector Multiplication
61
5
Dot Product
62
1
Cross Product
63
3
Vectors and Coordinate Rotations
66
Summary
68
1
Questions
68
1
Problems
69
INTERLUDE I. THE ARCHITECTURE OF CRYSTALS
The Structure of Crystals
2
3
Symmetry
5
2
Close-Packed Structures
7
3
Defects in Crystals
10
64
Further Reading
12
1
Questions
13
61
Kinematics in Three Dimensions
74
25
The Velocity and Acceleration Vectors
74
3
Motion with Constant Acceleration
77
1
The Motion of Projectiles
78
6
Uniform Circular Motion
84
2
The Relativity of Motion and the Galilean Transformation
86
13
Summary
90
1
Questions
90
2
Problems
92
7
Dynamics --- Newton's Laws
99
24
Newton's First Law
99
3
Newton's Second Law
102
5
The Superposition of Forces
107
2
Newton's Third Law
109
4
The Momentum of a Particle
113
1
Newtonian Relativity
114
9
Summary
116
1
Questions
116
2
Problems
118
5
Dynamics --- Forces and the Solution of the Equation of Motion
123
37
The Four Fundamental Forces
124
2
Weight
126
3
Motion with a Constant Force
129
5
Friction
134
6
Restoring Force of a Spring; Hooke's Law
140
2
Motion with a Variable Force
142
4
Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
146
14
Summary
150
1
Questions
150
2
Problems
152
8
Work and Energy
160
24
Work in One Dimension
161
4
Work in Three Dimensions; the Dot Product
165
4
Kinetic Energy
169
3
Gravitational Potential Energy
172
12
Summary
176
1
Questions
176
1
Problems
177
7
Conservation of Energy
184
27
Conservative Forces
184
2
Potential Energy of a Conservative Force
186
5
Calculation of the Force from the Potential Energy
191
1
The Curve of Potential Energy
192
2
Other Forms of Energy
194
2
Mass and Energy
196
2
Power
198
13
Summary
201
1
Questions
201
1
Problems
202
9
Gravitation
211
34
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
212
2
The Measurement of G
214
2
Circular Orbits
216
2
Elliptical Orbits; Kepler's Laws
218
6
Gravitational Potential Energy
224
5
Newton's Theorem
229
3
Inertial and Gravitational Mass; the Principle of Equivalence
232
Summary
236
1
Questions
236
2
Problems
238
INTERLUDE II. THE BIG BANG AND THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE
The Expansion of the Universe
1
4
The age of the Universe and the Big Bang
5
1
The Future of the Universe
6
2
The Search for Numbers
8
237
Further Reading
9
1
Questions
9
236
Systems of Particles
245
27
Momentum of a System of Particles
245
6
Center of Mass
251
6
The Motion of the Center of Mass
257
2
Energy of a System of Particles
259
2
The Motion of a Rocket
261
11
Summary
264
1
Questions
264
2
Problems
266
6
Collisions
272
24
Impulsive Forces
272
4
Collisions in One Dimension
276
5
Collisions in Two Dimensions
281
4
Collisions and Reactions of Nuclei and of Elementary Particles
285
Summary
288
1
Questions
288
1
Problems
289
INTERLUDE III. AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS AND AUTOMOBILE STRUCTURE
Automobile vs. Barrier
2
2
Automobile vs. Automobile
4
2
The Secondary Collision
6
3
Seat Belts and Air Bags
9
2
Tolerance Limits of the Human Body; Experimental Safe Vehicles
11
285
Further Reading
14
1
Questions
14
282
Kinematics of a Rigid Body
296
29
Motion of a Rigid Body
296
2
Rotation About a Fixed Axis
298
3
Motion with Constant Angular Acceleration
301
2
Kinetic Energy of Rotation; Moment of Inertia
303
7
Angular Momentum of a Particle; the Cross Product
310
2
Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body
312
13
Summary
317
1
Questions
318
1
Problems
318
7
Dynamics of a Rigid Body
325
29
Torque
325
2
The Equation of Rotational Motion
327
5
Work, Energy, and Power in Rotational Motion
332
3
The Conservation of angular Momentum
335
4
Rolling Motion
339
4
Precession of a Gyroscope
343
11
Summary
345
1
Questions
345
2
Problems
347
7
Statics and Elasticity
354
25
Statics of Rigid Bodies
354
1
Examples of Static Equilibrium
355
7
Levers and Pulleys
362
3
Elasticity of Materials
365
14
Summary
369
1
Questions
370
1
Problems
370
9
Oscillations
379
33
Simple Harmonic Motion
379
4
The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
383
4
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
387
2
The Simple Pendulum
389
4
Other Oscillating Systems
393
6
The Physical Pendulum
394
2
Torsional Pendulum
396
2
The Diatomic Molecule
398
1
Damped Oscillations and Forced Oscillations
399
13
Summary
402
1
Questions
403
2
Problems
405
7
Waves
412
26
Wave Pulses
412
2
Periodic Waves
414
4
Speed of Waves on a String
418
3
Energy in a Wave; Power
421
2
The Superposition of Waves
423
5
Standing Waves
428
10
Summary
431
1
Questions
432
1
Problems
432
6
Sound and Other Wave Phenomena
438
28
Sound Waves in Air
439
4
The Speed of Sound
443
3
The Doppler Effect
446
5
Water Waves
451
3
Seismic Waves
454
2
Diffraction
456
Summary
456
1
Questions
457
2
Problems
459
INTERLUDE IV. RADIATION AND LIFE
Penetrating Radiations
1
2
Radioactive Decay
3
2
Radiation Damage in Atoms
5
2
Radiation Damage in Molecules and in Living Cell
7
1
The Physiological Effects of Radiation
8
2
Medical Applications of Radioisotopes
10
456
Further Reading
12
1
Questions
13
453
Fluid Mechanics
466
28
Density and Flow Velocity
467
1
Steady Incompressible Flow; Streamlines
468
4
Pressure
472
2
Pressure in a Static Fluid
474
4
Archimedes's Principle
478
1
Fluid Dynamics; Beronoulli's Equation
479
15
Summary
483
1
Questions
483
4
Problems
487
7
The Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory
494
21
The Ideal-Gas Law
495
3
The Idela-Gas Temperature Scale
498
3
Kinetic Pressure: The Maxwell Distribution
501
3
The Energy of an Ideal Gas
504
3
The Mean Free Path
507
8
Summary
509
1
Questions
510
1
Problems
511
4
Heat
515
29
Heat as a Form of Energy
515
3
Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
518
4
Thermometers and Thermal Equilibrium
522
2
Conduction of Heat
524
3
Changes of State
527
2
The Specific Heat of a Gas
529
2
The Adiabatic Equation
531
13
Summary
534
1
Questions
535
1
Problems
536
8
Thermodynamics
544
The First Law of Thermodynamics
545
3
The Carnot Engine
548
6
Entropy
554
5
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
559
Summary
564
1
Questions
565
2
Problems
567
INTERLUDE V. ENERGY, ENTROPY, AND ENVIRONMENT
The Conversion of Energy
1
2
The Dissipation of Energy
3
1
The Limits of Our Resources
4
1
Alternative Energy Sources
5
5
Pollution and the Environment
10
2
Accidents and Safety
12
Further Reading
16
1
Questions
17
Appendix 1: Index to Tables
A-1
Appendix 2: Mathematical Symbols and Formulas
A-2
Appendix 3: Perimeters, Areas, and Volumes
A-4
Appendix 4: Brief Review of Trigonometry
A-5
Appendix 5: Brief Review of Calculus
A-10
Appendix 6: The International System of Units (SI)
A-20
Appendix 7: Conversion Factors
A-22
Appendix 8: Best Values of Fundamental Constants
A-27
Appendix 9: The Chemical Elements and the Periodic Table
A-29
Appendix 10: Formula Sheets
A-32
Appendix 11: Answers to Even-Numbered Problems
A-34
Photo Credits
A-41
Index
Index-1