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Tables of Contents for Introduction to Animal Physiology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
viii
2
Abbreviations
x
1 Homeostasis: The central concept in physiology
1
8
An introduction to animal physiology
1
1
The body fluids of animals
2
1
Homeostasis
3
1
Homeostatic control systems -- feedback
4
3
Feedforward
7
1
Non-physiological homeostatic mechanisms
7
1
Acclimatization
8
1
2 Neurons and nervous systems
9
24
Introduction
9
1
Cellular elements of the nervous system
9
4
How neurons work
13
7
Synaptic transmission
20
6
Organization of nervous systems
26
7
3 Receptors and effectors
33
22
Introduction
33
1
Sensory neurophysiology
33
1
Classification of sensory receptors
34
1
Sensory receptor function
34
3
Sensory reception
37
6
Effectors -- the responses to sensory information
43
2
Intracellular movement
45
1
Amoeboid movement
46
1
Muscle and movement
47
5
Skeletal systems
52
3
4 Endocrine function
55
18
Introduction
55
1
Definition of endocrine systems
55
2
Identification of endocrine organs
57
1
The chemical nature of hormones
58
1
The mechanism of hormone action
59
3
Invertebrate endocrine systems
62
5
Vertebrate endocrine systems
67
6
5 Ventilation and gas exchange
73
18
Introduction
73
1
Gases in air and water
74
1
A comparison of air and water as respiratory media
75
1
Gas exchange by simple diffusion across the general body surface area
76
1
The evolution and design considerations of gas exchange organs
77
2
Gills
79
2
Lungs
81
4
Tracheal systems
85
2
Control of ventilation
87
4
6 Thermoregulation in animals
91
16
The importance of temperature to animal physiology
91
1
Classification of temperature regulation
92
1
Heat exchange interactions between animals and the environment
92
3
Ectotherms
95
4
Endotherms
99
5
Control of body temperature in endotherms
104
1
A comparison of ectothermy with endothermy
105
2
7 Circulatory systems
107
18
Functions of circulatory systems
107
1
The composition of blood
108
3
The heart
111
3
Types of circulatory system
114
5
Transport of oxygen
119
4
Transport of carbon dioxide
123
2
8 Gastrointestinal function
125
22
Introduction
125
1
Feeding mechanisms
125
6
The need for a gastrointestinal system
131
1
Generalized structure and function of gastrointestinal systems
132
13
Excretion and water absorption
145
2
9 Osmoregulation
147
14
Introduction
147
1
The principles of osmosis
147
2
Generalized osmotic responses of animals
149
2
The osmotic responses of animals
151
10
10 Excretory mechanisms
161
14
The need for excretory organs
161
1
Types of excretory organs
161
10
Nitrogen excretion
171
4
11 Reproduction
175
18
Introduction
175
1
Asexual reproduction
175
2
Sexual reproduction
177
1
Gamete production
178
5
Fertilization
183
2
Development and pregnancy
185
4
Birth
189
1
Lactation
190
1
Maternal behavior
191
2
Appendix. An outline classification of animals
193
4
Glossary
197
14
Index
211