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Tables of Contents for Understanding Shyness
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Figures and Tables
xi
Acknowledgements
xii
Introduction
xiv
The Nature of Shyness
1
32
The concept of shyness
1
8
Situations that elicit shyness
9
7
Individual differences in shyness
16
11
The trait concept
16
3
Shyness as a personality trait
19
8
The measurement of shyness
27
4
Different types of shyness
29
2
Summary
31
2
Analysing Shyness
33
42
Shyness and emotion
33
11
Stages of the emotion process
37
1
The stimulus
37
1
Appraisal
38
1
Mobilising for action
39
2
Selection of action
41
1
Implementation of action
42
2
Self-consciousness
44
9
Self-awareness theory
45
2
Cognitive interference
47
3
Self-consciousness in shyness
50
3
Shyness and affect
53
20
Heart rate
53
5
EEG measures and right frontal asymmetry
58
3
Acting shy
61
3
Empirical studies
64
5
Gender differences
69
4
Summary
73
2
Shyness and Temperament
75
30
Introduction
75
2
The concept of temperament
77
3
Search for the basic temperaments
78
2
Shyness as a temperament
80
4
Buss and Plomin's EAS model
80
1
Kagan's theory of behavioural inhibition
81
3
Research findings
84
19
Appearance early in life
84
3
Stability over time
87
5
Predictable modes of response
92
3
Biological bases
95
2
Eye colour
97
1
Physique and shape of face
98
1
Susceptibility to illness
99
2
Explaining the findings
101
2
Summary
103
2
Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Development of Shyness
105
35
Researching genetic influences
105
10
Studies of heritability
105
4
Estimates of heritability
109
2
Heritability of inhibition and shyness
111
3
Summary
114
1
The social origins of shyness
115
8
Shyness and attachment
115
4
Self-efficacy
119
4
The development of shyness
123
16
Developmental pathways
123
1
Shyness and development of the self
124
2
Self-awareness
126
3
Self-evaluation
129
3
Awareness of other perspectives
132
4
Developments through childhood
136
3
Summary
139
1
Shyness and Embarrassment
140
38
Two perspectives on embarrassment
140
3
Causes of embarrassment
143
4
Theories of embarrassment
147
9
Self-presentation theory
147
3
Esteem theories
150
2
Dramaturgic theory
152
1
Comparing theories
153
3
Embarrassed reactions
156
4
Embarrassment and appeasement
158
2
Blushing
160
11
Physiology of blushing
161
4
Blushing and conspicuousness
165
2
Blushing as communication
167
4
Embarrassment and shyness
171
5
Differential emotions
171
3
Correlates of blushing and embarrassability
174
2
Summary
176
2
Overcoming Social Anxiety
178
46
Social phobia and shyness
180
13
Empirical studies
185
5
Is social anxiety an illness?
190
3
The cognitive - behavioural approach
193
15
Behaviourist approaches to anxiety
193
3
Social skills training
196
3
Cognitive processes in social anxiety
199
3
Safety behaviours
202
1
Attention bias
202
1
Selective memory processes
203
1
High frequency of spontaneously occurring images
203
1
Erroneous inferences about how one is seen by others
203
1
Cognitive therapies
203
5
The pharmacological approach
208
12
Neurotransmitters and anxiety
208
3
Pharmacological treatments
211
3
MAOIs
214
2
SSRIs
216
2
Beta blockers and benzodiazepines
218
2
The treatment of blushing problems
220
2
Summary
222
2
Epilogue
224
5
References
229
18
Index
247