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Tables of Contents for Understanding Pathophysiology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction to Pathophysiology,
xxiii
Part One Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology
Unit I The Cell
1 Cellular Biology
1
36
Kathryn L. McCance
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes,
2
1
Cellular Functions,
2
1
Structure and Function of Cellular Components,
2
1
Nucleus,
2
1
Cytoplasmic Organelles,
2
1
Plasma Membranes,
2
1
Cellular Receptors,
8
1
Cellular Metabolism,
9
1
Role of Adenosine Triphosphate,
9
1
Food and Production of Cellular Energy,
9
1
Oxidative Phosphorylation,
9
1
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output,
10
1
Movement of Water and Solutes,
11
1
Transport by Vesicle Formation,
15
1
Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials,
17
2
Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle,
19
1
Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis,
20
1
Rates of Cellular Division,
20
1
Growth Factors,
20
1
Cell-To-Cell Adhesions,
20
1
Extracellular Matrix,
21
1
Specialized Cell Junctions,
22
1
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction,
22
2
Tissues,
24
1
Tissue Formation,
24
1
Types of Tissues,
24
13
2 Genes and Genetic Diseases,
37
1
Lynn B. Jorde
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level,
38
1
Definitions,
38
1
From Genes to Proteins,
40
1
Chromosomes,
41
1
Chromosome Aberrations and Associated Diseases,
42
7
Elements of Formal Genetics,
49
1
Phenotype and Genotype,
49
1
Dominance and Recessiveness,
49
1
Transmission of Genetic Diseases,
50
1
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance,
50
1
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance,
52
1
X-linked Inheritance,
54
1
Evaluation of Pedigrees,
56
1
Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping,
56
1
Classical Pedigree Analysis,
57
1
Complete Human Gene Map: Prospects and Benefits,
57
1
Multifactorial Inheritance,
58
7
3 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology,
65
1
Kathryn L. McCance
Todd C. Grey
Cellular Adaptation,
66
1
Atrophy,
66
1
Hypertrophy,
66
1
Hyperplasia,
68
1
Dysplasia: Not a True Adaptive Change,
68
1
Metaplasia,
69
1
Cellular Injury,
69
1
General Mechanisms of Cell Injury,
70
1
Hypoxic Injury,
70
1
Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species Injury,
72
1
Mechanisms of Chemical Injury,
74
1
Unintentional and Intentional Injuries,
78
1
Infectious Injury,
84
1
Immunologic and Inflammatory Injury,
84
1
Manifestations of Cellular Injury,
85
1
Water,
85
1
Lipids and Carbohydrates,
86
1
Glycogen,
87
1
Proteins,
87
1
Pigments,
87
1
Calcium,
88
1
Urate,
90
1
Systemic Manifestations,
90
1
Cellular Death,
90
1
Necrosis,
90
2
Apoptosis,
92
1
Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology,
93
1
Normal Life Span,
93
1
Life Expectancy and Gender Differences,
93
1
Theories and Mechanisms of Aging,
94
1
Cellular Aging,
98
1
Tissue and Systemic Aging,
98
1
Somatic Death,
99
6
4 fluids and Electolytes, Acids and Bases,
105
1
Sue E. Huether
Distribution of Body Fluids,
106
1
Maturation and the Distribution of Body Fluids,
106
1
Pediatrics and Distribution of Body Fluids,
106
1
Aging and Distribution of Body Fluids,
106
1
Water Movement Between ICF and ECF,
107
1
Water Movement Between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid,
107
1
Alterations in Water Movement,
107
1
Edema,
107
2
Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance,
109
1
Water Balance,
109
1
Sodium and Chloride Balance,
110
1
Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance,
111
1
Isotonic Alterations,
111
1
Hypertonic Alterations,
112
1
Hypotonic Alterations,
113
2
Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes,
115
1
Potassium,
115
1
Other Electrolytes,
118
1
Acid-Base Balance,
118
1
Hydrogen Ion and pH,
118
1
Buffer Systems,
120
1
Acid-Base Imbalances,
121
6
Unit II Mechanisms of Self-Defense
5 Immunity,
127
1
Neal S. Rote
Characteristics of the Immune Response,
129
1
Natural Versus Acquired Immunity,
130
1
Humoral Versus Cell-Mediated Immunity,
130
3
Antigens,
133
1
Histocompatibility Antigens,
133
1
Blood Group Antigens,
134
1
Humoral Immune Response,
135
1
B Lymphocytes,
135
1
Immunoglobulins,
135
1
Secretory Immune System,
142
1
Cell-Mediated Immune Response,
142
1
Induction of the Immune Response,
144
1
Primary and Secondary Immune Responses,
144
1
Cellular Interactions in the Immune Response,
144
1
Cytokines,
144
1
Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Recognition,
147
1
T Cell and B Cell Differentiation,
149
1
Control of B Cell and T Cell Development,
150
1
Pediatrics and Immune Function,
150
1
Aging and Immune Function,
151
2
6 Inflammation,
153
1
Neal S. Rote
Sue E. Huether
The Acute Inflammatory Response,
154
1
The Mast Cell,
155
1
Degranulation of Vasoactive Amines and Chemotactic Factors,
155
1
Synthesis of Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins,
157
1
Plasma Protein Systems,
158
1
Complement System,
158
1
Clotting System,
160
1
Kinin System,
160
1
Control and Interaction of Plasma Protein Systems,
161
3
Cellular Components of Inflammation,
164
1
Function of Phagocytes,
164
1
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,
166
1
Monocytes and Macrophages,
167
1
Eosinophils,
167
1
Cellular Products,
168
1
Inflammatory Cytokines,
168
1
Interferons,
170
1
Local Manifestations of Acute Inflammation,
170
1
Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation,
171
1
Chronic Inflammation,
171
2
Resolution and Repair,
173
1
Reconstructive Phase,
175
1
Maturation Phase,
175
1
Dysfunctional Wound Healing,
176
1
Pediatrics and Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense,
177
1
Aging and Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense,
177
4
7 Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immunodeficiencies,
181
1
Neal S. Rote
Sue E. Huether
Kathryn L. McCance
Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity,
182
1
Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity,
182
1
Targets of Hypersensitivity,
188
1
Autoimmune and Alloimmune Disorders,
190
2
Infection,
192
1
Microorganisms and Humans: A Dynamic Relationship,
193
1
Classes of Infectious Microorganisms,
194
1
Innate Host Resistance Mechanisms,
194
1
Pathogenic Defense Mechanisms,
195
1
Infection and Injury,
197
1
Clinical Manifestations of Infection,
202
1
Countermeasures Against Pathogenic Defenses,
203
1
Recent Pathogenic Adaptations,
205
1
The Future,
205
1
Immunodeficiencies,
206
1
Congenital Immunodeficiencies,
207
1
Acquired Immunodeficiencies,
209
1
Clinical Evaluation of Immunity,
217
1
Replacement Therapies for Immunodeficiencies,
217
4
8 Stress and Disease,
221
1
Jane Shelby
Kathryn L. McCance
Concepts of Stress,
222
1
General Adaptation Syndrome,
222
1
Psychologic Mediators and Specificity,
223
1
The Stress Response,
223
1
Psychoneuroimmunologic Regulation,
223
1
Neuroendocrine Regulation,
227
1
Role of the Immune System,
230
1
Stress, Personality, Coping, and Illness,
231
1
Aging and Stress-Age Syndrome,
232
5
Unit III Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
9 Biology of Cancer,
237
1
David Virshup
Phillip Barnette
Kathryn L. McCance
Cancer Characteristics and Terminology,
238
1
Tumor Classification and Nomenclature,
238
1
Stages of Cancer Spread,
239
1
Cell Differentiations,
239
1
Tumor Markers,
243
1
The Genetic Basis of Cancer,
244
1
Cancer Is Caused by Mutations in Genes,
244
1
Types of Genes Mutated in Cancer,
245
1
Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes: Accelerators and Brakes,
248
1
Guardians of the Genome,
251
1
Genetics and Cancer-Prone Families,
251
1
Viral Causes of Cancer,
252
1
Bacterial Causes of Cancer,
253
1
Gene-Environment Interaction,
254
1
Environmental Risk Factors,
254
1
Hormones,
261
8
10 Tumor Spread and Treatment,
269
1
Kathryn L. McCance
Phillip Barnette
David Virshup
Tumor Manifestations,
270
1
Tumor Spread,
270
1
Local Spread,
270
1
The Three-Step Theory of Invasion,
271
1
Patterns of Spread: Metastasis,
272
4
Clinical Manifestations of Cancer,
276
1
Pain,
276
1
Fatigue,
276
1
Cachexia,
276
1
Anemia,
277
1
Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia,
277
1
Infection,
277
1
Cancer Treatment,
278
1
Chemotherapy,
278
1
Radiation,
281
1
Surgery,
281
1
Immunotherapy,
281
1
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment,
282
1
Gastrointestinal Tract,
282
1
Bone Marrow,
282
1
Hair and Skin,
283
1
Reproductive Tract,
283
4
11 Cancer in Children,
287
1
Elizabeth Kassner
Nanci Haze
Incidence and Types of Childhood Cancer,
288
1
Etiology,
289
1
Genetic Factors,
289
1
Environmental Factors,
291
1
Prognosis,
292
3
Part Two Body Systems and Diseases
Unit IV The Neurologic System
12 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System,
295
1
Richard A. Sugerman
Overview and Organization of the Nervous System,
296
1
Cells of the Nervous System,
296
1
The Neuron,
296
1
Neuroglia and Schwann Cells,
297
1
Nerve Injury and Regeneration,
297
2
The Nerve Impulse,
299
1
Synapses,
299
1
Neurotransmitters,
299
2
The Central Nervous System,
301
1
The Brain,
301
1
The Spinal Cord,
306
1
Motor Pathways,
309
1
Sensory Pathways,
309
1
Protective Structures of the Central Nervous System,
309
1
Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System,
312
3
The Peripheral Nervous System,
315
3
The Autonomic Nervous System,
318
1
Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System,
319
1
Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System,
320
1
Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors,
320
1
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System,
322
2
Aging and the Nervous System,
324
5
13 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function,
329
1
Sue E. Huether
Pain,
330
1
The Experience of Pain,
330
1
Clinical Manifestations of Pain,
330
1
Neuroanatomy of Pain,
330
1
Neurophysiology of Pain,
331
4
Temperature Regulation,
335
1
Hypothalamic Control of Temperature,
335
1
Temperature Regulation in Infants and Elderly Persons,
337
1
Pathogenesis of Fever,
337
1
Benefits of Fever,
337
1
Disorders of Temperature Regulation,
338
1
Sleep,
338
1
Sleep Disorders,
340
1
The Special Senses,
340
1
Vision,
340
1
Hearing,
344
1
Olfaction and Taste,
347
1
Somatosensory Function,
348
1
Touch,
348
1
Proprioception,
348
7
14 Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction,
355
1
Barbara J. Boss
Alterations in Cognitive Networks,
356
1
Alterations in Arousal,
356
1
Cognitive Disorders,
366
1
Data Processing Deficits,
368
4
Alterations in Cerebral Homeostasis,
372
1
Cerebral Hemodynamica,
372
1
Increased Intracranial Pressure,
372
1
Cerebral Edema,
373
1
Hydrocephalus,
375
1
Alterations in Motor Function,
376
1
Alterations in Muscle Tone,
376
1
Alterations in Movement,
376
1
Alterations in Complex Motor Performance,
384
1
Extrapyramidal Motor Syndromes,
386
5
15 Alterations of Neurologic Function,
391
1
Barbara J. Boss
Central Nervous System Disorders,
392
1
Trauma,
392
1
Degenerative Disorders of the Spine,
401
1
Cerebrovascular Disorders,
403
1
Infection and Inflammation of the Central Nervous System,
408
1
Degenerative Diseases,
412
6
Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders,
418
1
Peripheral Nervous System Disorders,
418
1
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders,
418
1
Myopathies,
420
1
Tumors of the Central Nervous System,
420
1
Cranial Tumors,
420
1
Spinal Cord Tumors,
424
5
16 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children,
429
1
Katherine Padgett
Barbara J. Boss
Normal Growth and Development of the Nervous System,
430
1
Structural Malformations,
430
1
Defects of Neural Tube Closure,
430
1
Malformations of the Axial Skeleton,
432
3
Encephalopathies,
435
1
Static Encephalopathies,
435
1
Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Central Nervous System,
435
1
Seizure Disorders,
436
1
Acute Encephalopathies,
437
3
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Central Nervous System Involvement,
440
1
Tumors,
441
1
Brain Tumors,
441
1
Embryonal Tumors,
443
6
Unit V The Endocrine System
17 Mechanisms of Hormaonal Regulation,
449
1
Sue E. Huether
Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation,
450
1
Regulation of Hormone Release,
450
1
Hormone Transport,
450
1
Mechanisms of Hormone Action,
451
5
Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands,
456
1
Hypothalamic-Pituitary System,
456
1
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands,
460
1
Endocrine Pancreas,
463
1
Adrenal Glands,
465
1
Neuroendocrine Response to Stressors,
468
1
Aging and Its Effects on Specific Endocrine Glands,
469
4
18 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation,
473
1
Sue E. Huether
Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations,
474
Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System,
415
1
Diseases of the Posterior Pituitary,
475
1
Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary,
477
3
Alterations of Thyroid Function,
480
1
Hyperthyroidism,
480
1
Hypothyroidism,
482
1
Thyroid Carcinoma,
485
1
Alterations of Parathyroid Function,
485
1
Hyperparathyroidism,
485
1
Hypoparathyroidism,
486
1
Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus,
487
1
Types of Diabetes Mellitus,
488
1
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus,
492
1
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus,
492
5
Alterations of Adrenal Function,
497
1
Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex,
497
1
Disorders of the Adrenal Medulla,
501
6
Unit VI The Hematologie System
19 Structure and Function of the Hernatologic System,
507
1
Kathryn L. McCance
Components of the Hematologie System,
508
1
Composition of Blood,
508
1
Lymphoid Organs,
513
1
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System,
514
1
Development of Blood Cells,
515
1
Hematopoiesis,
515
1
Development of Erythrocytes,
518
1
Development of Leukocytes,
522
1
Development of Platelets,
523
1
Mechanisms of Hemostasis,
523
1
Function of Platelets and Blood Vessels,
523
1
Function of Clotting Factors,
525
1
Control of Hemostatic Mechanisms,
526
1
Retraction and Lysis of Blood Clots,
527
2
Pediatrics and Hematologie Value Changes,
529
1
Aging and Hematologie Value Changes,
529
8
20 Alterations of Hematologic Function,
537
1
Thom J. Mansen
Kathryn L. McCance
Alterations of Erythrocyte Function,
538
1
Classification of Anemias,
538
1
Macrocytic-Normochromic Anemias,
541
1
Microcytic-Hypochromic Anemias,
543
1
Normocytic-Normochromic Anemias,
545
2
Myeloproliferative Red Cell Disorders,
547
1
Polycythemia Vera,
547
1
Alterations of Leukocyte Function,
548
1
Quantitative Alterations of Leukocytes,
549
1
Qualitative Alterations of Leukocytes,
552
7
Alterations of Lymphoid Function,
559
1
Lymphadenopathy,
559
1
Malignant Lymphomas,
560
4
Alterations of Splenic Function,
564
1
Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation,
565
1
Disorders of Platelet Function,
565
1
Alterations of Platelet Function,
567
1
Disorders of Coagulation,
568
11
21 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children,
579
1
Nancy E. Kline
Kathryn L. McCance
Disorders of Erythrocytes,
580
1
Acquired Disorders,
580
1
Inherited Disorders,
583
5
Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets,
588
1
Inherited Hemorrhagic Disease,
588
1
Antibody-Mediated Hemorrhagic Disease,
590
1
Neoplastic Disorders,
591
1
Leukemia and Lymphoma,
591
6
Unit VII The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
22 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems,
597
1
Kathryn L. McCance
The Circulatory System,
598
1
The Heart,
598
1
Structures That Direct Circulation Through the Heart,
598
1
Structures That Support Cardiac Metabolism: The Coronary Vessels,
602
1
Structures That Control Heart Action,
605
1
Factors Affecting Cardiac Performance,
613
4
Aging and Cardiovascular Function,
617
1
The Systemic Circulation,
617
1
Structure of Blood Vessels,
617
1
Factors Affecting Blood Flow,
622
1
Regulation of Blood Pressure,
626
1
Regulation of the Coronary Circulation,
631
1
The Lymphatic System,
632
23 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function,
631
1
Valentina L. Brashers
Diseases of the Arteries and Veins,
640
1
Arteriosclerosis,
640
1
Atherosclerosis,
640
1
Hypertension,
644
1
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension,
650
1
Aneurysm,
651
1
Thrombus Formation,
652
1
Embolism,
652
1
Peripheral Arterial Disease,
653
1
Diseases of the Veins,
654
1
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, and Acute Coronary Syndromes,
655
12
Disorders of the Heart Wall,
667
1
Disorders of the Pericardium,
667
1
Disorders of the Myocardium: The Cardiomyopathies,
670
1
Disorders of the Endocardium,
670
1
Cardiac Complications in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),
679
1
Manifestations of Heart Disease,
679
1
Dysrhythmias,
679
1
Heart Failure,
684
5
Shock,
689
1
Impairment of Cellular Metabolism,
689
1
Types of Shock,
697
1
Treatment for Shock,
697
1
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome,
698
11
24 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children,
709
1
Jean Anne Connor
Kathryn L. McCance
Congenital Heart Disease,
710
1
Obstructive Defects,
712
1
Defects With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow,
713
1
Defects With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow,
716
1
Mixed Defects,
717
1
Congestive Heart Failure,
720
1
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders,
721
1
Kawasaki Disease,
721
1
Systemic Hypertension,
722
7
Unit VIII The Pulmonary System
25 Structure and Function of the Plumonary System,
729
1
Valentina L. Brashers
Sue E. Huether
Structures of the Pulmonary System,
730
1
Conducting Airways,
730
1
Gas-Exchange Airways,
731
1
Pulmonary and Bronchial Circulation,
734
1
Chest Wall and Pleura,
735
1
Function of the Pulmonary System,
735
1
Ventilation,
735
1
Neurochemical Control of Ventilation,
736
1
Mechanics of Breathing,
738
1
Gas Transport,
741
1
Control of the Pulmonary Circulation,
747
1
Aging and the Pulmonary System,
748
3
26 Alterations of Pulmonary Funcion,
751
1
Valentina L. Brashers
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations,
752
1
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease,
752
1
Conditions Caused by Pulmonary Disease or Injury,
754
8
Pulmonary Disorders,
762
1
Acute Respiratory Failure,
762
1
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,
764
1
Respiratory Tract Infections,
771
1
Pulmonary Vascular Disease,
774
1
Lip Cancer,
777
1
Laryngeal Cancer,
778
1
Lung Cancer,
779
8
27 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children,
787
1
Deborah K Froh
Sue E. Huether
Pulmonary Disorders,
788
1
Disorders of the Upper Airways,
788
1
Disorders of the Lower Airways,
790
13
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,
803
4
Unit IX The Renal and Urologic Systems
28 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic System,
807
1
Sue E. Huether
Structures of the Renal System,
808
1
Structures of the Kidney,
808
1
Urinary Structures,
811
2
Renal Blood Flow,
813
1
Autoregulation,
813
1
Neural Regulation,
813
1
Hormonal Regulation,
814
1
Kidney Function,
815
1
Nephron Function,
815
1
Concentration and Dilution of Urine,
818
1
Renal Hormones,
820
1
The Concept of Clearance,
821
1
Pediatrics and Renal Function,
822
1
Aging and Renal Function,
822
3
29 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function,
825
1
Mikel Gray
Sue E. Huether
Urinary Tract Obstruction,
826
1
Consequences of Obstruction,
826
1
Obstructive Disorders,
827
1
Tumors,
831
1
Urinary Tract Infection,
832
1
Causes of Urinary Tract Infection,
832
1
Types of Urinary Tract Infection,
833
2
Glomerular Disorders,
835
1
Glomerulonephritis,
836
1
Nephrotic Syndrome,
838
1
Renal Failure,
839
1
Classification of Renal Dysfunction,
839
1
Types of Renal Failure,
840
9
30 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children,
849
1
Sue E. Huether
Structural Abnormalities,
850
1
Hypospadias,
850
1
Epispadias and Exstrophy of the Bladder,
850
1
Bladder Outlet Obstruction,
851
1
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction,
851
1
Hypoplastic/Dysplastic Kidneys,
851
1
Polycystic Kidneys,
851
1
Renal Agenesis,
852
1
Glomerular Disorders,
852
1
Nephrotic Syndrome,
852
1
Glomerulonephritis,
852
1
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome,
853
1
Immunoglobulin A Neuropathy,
854
1
Obstructive Disorders,
854
1
Urinary Tract Infections,
854
1
Vesicoureteral Reflux,
855
1
Nephroblastoma,
856
1
Enuresis,
856
1
Types of Enuresis,
857
4
Unit X The Reproductive Systems
31 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems,
861
1
Angela Deneris
Sue E. Huether
Kristynia M. Robinson
Development of the Reproductive Systems,
862
1
Sexual Differentiation in Utero,
862
1
Puberty,
864
1
The Female Reproductive System,
865
1
External Genitalia,
865
1
Internal Genitalia,
866
1
Female Sex Hormones,
870
1
Menstrual Cycle,
871
4
The Male Reproductive System,
875
1
External Genitalia,
875
1
Internal Genitalia,
878
1
Spermatogenesis,
879
1
Male Sex Hormones,
880
1
Structure and Function of the Breast,
880
1
Female Breast,
880
1
Male Breast,
882
1
Aging and Reproductive Function,
882
1
Aging and the Female Reproductive System,
882
1
Aging and the Male Reproductive System,
884
5
32 Alterations of the Reproductive Systems,
889
1
Including Sexually Transmitted Infections
Katherine Morgan
Kathryn L. McCance
Kristynia M. Robinson
Alterations of Sexual Maturation,
890
1
Delayed Puberty,
890
1
Precocious Puberty,
890
1
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System,
890
1
Hormonal and Menstrual Alterations,
890
1
Infection and Inflammation,
896
1
Pelvic Relaxation Disorders,
900
1
Benign Growths and Proliferative Conditions,
902
1
Cancer,
905
1
Sexual Dysfunction,
910
1
Impaired Fertility,
911
1
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System,
912
1
Disorders of the Urethra,
912
1
Disorders of the Penis,
912
1
Disorders of the Scrotum, Testis, and Epididymis,
915
1
Disorders of the Prostate Gland,
919
1
Sexual Dysfunction,
926
1
Disorders of the Breast,
927
1
Disorders of the Female Breast,
927
1
Disorders of the Male Breast,
940
1
Sexually Transmitted Infections,
941
14
Unit XI The Digestive System
33 Structure and Function of the Digestive System,
955
1
Sue E. Huether
The Gastrointestinal Tract,
956
1
Mouth and Esophagus,
956
1
Stomach,
958
1
Small Intestine,
961
1
Large Intestine,
964
1
Intestinal Bacteria,
968
1
Splanchnic Blood Flow,
968
1
Accessory Organs of Digestion,
968
1
Liver,
969
1
Gallbladder,
974
1
Exocrine Pancreas,
974
3
Aging and the Gastrointestinal System,
977
4
34 Alterations of Digestive Function,
981
1
Sue E. Huether
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract,
982
1
Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction,
982
1
Disorders of Motility,
984
1
Gastritis,
990
1
Peptic Ulcer Disease,
990
1
Malabsorption Syndromes,
996
1
Inflammatory Bowel Disease,
996
1
Appendicitis,
999
1
Vascular Insufficiency,
999
1
Disorders of Nutrition,
1000
2
Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion,
1002
1
Clinical Manifestations of Liver Disorders,
1002
1
Disorders of the Liver,
1006
1
Disorders of the Gallbladder,
1010
1
Disorders of the Pancreas,
1011
1
Cancer of the Digestive System,
1012
1
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract,
1012
5
Cancer of the Accessory Organs of Digestion,
1017
10
35 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children,
1027
1
Deborah B. Evers
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract,
1028
1
Congenital Impairment of Motility,
1028
1
Acquired Impairment of Motility,
1033
1
Impairment of Digestion, Absorption, and Nutrition,
1035
1
Diarrhea,
1039
1
Disorders of the Liver,
1040
1
Disorders of Biliary Metabolism and Transport,
1040
1
Inflammatory Disorders,
1040
1
Portal Hypertension,
1041
1
Metabolic Disorders,
1041
6
Unit XII The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems
36 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System,
1047
1
Christy L. Crowther
Structure and Function of Bones,
1048
1
Elements of Bone Tissue,
1048
1
Types of Bone Tissue,
1051
1
Characteristics of Bone,
1051
1
Maintenance of Bone Integrity,
1053
1
Structure and Function of Joints,
1054
1
Fibrous Joints,
1055
1
Cartilaginous Joints,
1055
1
Synovial Joints,
1055
4
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles,
1059
1
Whole Muscle,
1059
1
Components of Muscle Function,
1063
4
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System,
1067
1
Aging of Bones,
1067
1
Aging of Joints,
1068
1
Aging of Muscles,
1068
3
37 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function,
1071
1
Christy L. Crowther
Kathryn L. McCance
Musculoskeletal Injuries,
1072
1
Skeletal Trauma,
1072
1
Support Structures,
1076
4
Disorders of Bones,
1080
1
Metabolic Bone Diseases,
1080
1
Infectious Bone Disease: Osteomyelitis,
1088
2
Disorders of Joints,
1090
1
Noninflammatory Joint Disease,
1090
1
Inflammatory Joint Disease,
1093
9
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle,
1102
1
Secondary Muscular Dysfunction,
1102
1
Fibromyalgia,
1103
1
Muscle Membrane Abnormalities,
1104
1
Metabolic Muscle Diseases,
1105
1
Inflammatory Muscle Diseases: Myositis,
1106
1
Toxic Myopathies,
1107
1
Musculoskeletal Tumors,
1108
1
Bone Tumors,
1108
1
Muscle Tumors,
1112
5
38 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children,
1117
1
Kristen Lee Carroll
Congenital Defects,
1118
1
Clubfoot,
1118
1
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip,
1119
1
Osteogenesis Imperfecta,
1119
1
Bone Infection,
1120
1
Osteomyelitis,
1120
1
Septic Arthritis,
1122
1
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis,
1122
1
Osteochondroses,
1122
1
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease,
1123
1
Osgood-Schlatter Disease,
1124
1
Scoliosis,
1125
1
Muscular Dystrophy,
1125
1
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy,
1125
2
Musculoskeletal Tumors,
1127
1
Benign Bone Tumors,
1127
1
Malignant Bone Tumors,
1128
2
Nonaccidental Trauma,
1130
1
Fractures in Nonaccidental Trauma,
1130
3
39 Structure, Function, and Disorder of the Integument,
1133
1
Sue E. Huether
Structure and Function of the Skin,
1134
1
Layers of the Skin,
1134
1
Clinical Manifestations of Skin Dysfunction,
1135
1
Aging and Changes in Skin Integrity,
1135
8
Disorders of the Skin,
1143
1
Inflammatory Disorders,
1143
1
Papulosquamous Disorders,
1144
1
Vesiculobullous Disorders,
1147
1
Infections,
1148
1
Vascular Disorders,
1151
1
Insect Bites,
1153
1
Benign Tumors,
1153
1
Cancer,
1154
1
Bums,
1157
1
Frostbite,
1161
1
Disorders of the Hair,
1162
1
Alopecia,
1162
1
Hirsutism,
1162
1
Disorders of the Nail,
1162
1
Paronychia,
1162
1
Onychomycosis,
1163
6
40 Alterations of the Integument in Children,
1169
1
Sue E. Huether
Dermatitis,
1170
1
Atopic Dermatitis,
1170
1
Diaper Dermatitis,
1170
1
Acne Vulgaris,
1171
1
Infections of the Skin,
1171
1
Bacterial Infections,
1171
1
Fungal Infections,
1172
1
Viral Infections,
1173
3
Insect Bites and Parasites,
1176
1
Scabies,
1176
1
Pediculosis (Lice Infestation),
1177
1
Fleas,
1177
1
Bedbugs,
1177
1
Vascular Disorders,
1178
1
Strawberry Hemangioma,
1178
1
Cavernous Hemangiomas,
1178
1
Salmon Patches,
1179
1
Port-Wine Stain,
1179
1
Other Skin Disorders,
1179
1
Miliaria,
1179
1
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum,
1179
Appendix
Most Common Laboratory Values,
1183