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Tables of Contents for News
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
vii
Doris Graber
Preface
xiv
Acknowledgments
xxii
The News about Democracy: An Introduction to the American Political Information System
1
40
Gatekeeping: Who and What Makes the News
2
2
News as a Democratic Information System
4
2
Politicians, Press, and the People
6
3
A Definition of News
9
1
The Fragile Link between News and Democracy
10
1
Why Free Speech Cannot Guarantee Good Information
11
1
Soft News and the Turn Away from Politics
12
3
The New Gatekeeping
15
2
How Mediated Government Works
17
2
Case Study: Governing with the News: Terror Comes to America
19
7
Myths about News Bias
26
4
Journalists and the News System
30
2
The Politics of Illusion
32
2
What Kind of News Would Better Serve Democracy?
34
1
Warning: The News Has No Democratic Warranty
35
1
Democracy without Citizens?
35
2
Notes
37
4
News Content: Four Information Biases That Matter
41
41
A Different Kind of Bias
44
1
Four Information Biases That Matter: An Overview
45
1
Personalization
45
1
Dramatization
45
3
Fragmentation
48
1
The Authority-Disorder Bias
48
2
How Do Competing Journalists Write Such Similar Stories?
50
2
Good News, Bad News: Putting News Bias in Perspective
52
2
Four Information Biases in the News: An In-Depth Look
54
1
Case Study: The Media Go to War
55
20
Bias as Part of the Political Information System
75
1
News Bias and Discouraged Citizens
76
1
Is Civic Journalism a Model for More Useful News?
77
1
Notes
78
4
The Political Economy of News
82
39
Corporate Profit Logic and News Content
84
2
Case Study: All the News That Fits the Audience Demographics
86
4
The Political Economy of News
90
1
Economics versus Democracy: Inside the News Business
91
4
The Media Monopoly: Arguments For and Against
95
1
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
95
2
Effects of the Media Monopoly: Five Information Trends
97
13
How Does Corporate Influence Operate?
110
1
News on the Internet: Perfecting the Commercialization of Information?
111
1
Commercialized Information and Citizen Confidence
112
1
Megatrends: Technology, Economics, and Social Change
113
1
Personalized Information and the Future of Democracy
114
2
Whither the Public Sphere?
116
1
Notes
117
4
How Politicians Make the News
121
39
The Politics of Illusion
122
2
The Sources of Political News
124
3
News Images as Strategic Political Communication
127
1
News Bias and Press-Government Relations
128
2
The Goals of Strategic Political Communication
130
5
Symbolic Politics and the Techniques of Image Making
135
4
News Management: From Staged Events to Damage Control
139
7
Different Presidents, Different News Management Styles
146
1
Case Study: Presidential News Management
147
5
Press Relations: Feeding the Beast
152
3
Government and the Politics of News Making
155
2
Notes
157
3
How Journalists Report the News
160
30
Work Routines and Professional Norms
162
1
When Routines Produce Quality Reporting
163
1
How Reporting Practices Contribute to News Bias
164
1
Reporters and Officials: Cooperation and Control
165
1
The Insider Syndrome
166
2
Reporters as Members of News Organizations: Pressures to Standardize
168
1
Case Study: Reporters and Officials in the Age of ``Gotcha'' Journalism
169
6
Reporters as a Pack: Pressures to Agree
175
2
Feeding Frenzy: When the Pack Attacks
177
3
The Paradox of Organizational Routines
180
3
When Journalism Works
183
2
Civic Journalism Revisited
185
2
Democracy with or without Citizens?
187
1
Notes
187
3
Inside the Profession: Objectivity and Other Double Standards
190
28
Why Objective Reporting Does Not Work
191
1
Defining Objectivity: Fairness, Balance, and Truth
192
2
Professional Journalism Standards
194
2
Case Study: The Curious Origins of Objective Journalism
196
2
Professional Practices and News Distortion
198
1
The Adversarial Role of the Press
199
5
Standards of Decency and Good Taste
204
4
Documentary Reporting Practices
208
1
The Use of Stories as Standardized News Formats
209
2
Reporters as Generalists
211
1
The Practice of Editorial Review
212
1
Objectivity Reconsidered
213
2
Notes
215
3
The News Public: Information Processing and Public Opinion
218
32
News, Citizen Information, and Public Opinion
220
1
The Citizen's Dilemma: Who and What to Believe
220
1
Internet versus Mass Media: Why Mass News Still Matters
221
1
Processing the News
221
2
Why People Prefer TV: Audio and Visual Information
223
1
News Frames and Political Learning
224
1
News and Personal Experience: What Gets Through
225
5
Case Study: Public Opinion and Attention During the Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal
230
6
Thinking about Media Politics with Citizens in Mind
236
1
Uses and Gratifications: Other Reasons People Follow the News
237
9
The Future: Citizens, Information, and Politics
246
1
Notes
247
3
Freedom from the Press: Solutions for Citizens, Politicians, and Journalists
250
29
The News about the Private Media System
251
1
The News about Public Broadcasting
252
1
The News about Objective Journalism
252
1
Dilemmas of the American Information System
253
1
News and Power in America: Ideal versus Reality
253
3
Why the Myth of a Free Press Persists
256
2
Critical Proposals for Citizens, Journalists, and Politicians
258
13
The Perils of Virtual Democracy
271
1
Case Study: Citizen Input from Interactive News to Desktop Democracy
272
4
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Place to Start
276
1
Notes
277
2
Index
279