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Tables of Contents for Intellectual Property
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Acknowledgments
iii
Table of Cases
xvii
Introduction
1
3
PART I. PATENTS
The Foundations of Patent Protection
4
15
Origins and Development of United States Patent Law
4
5
Patent Basics
9
6
The Two Theories of Patent Protection
15
4
The Subject Matter of Patents
19
20
Ideas v. Applications
19
1
The Statutory Scheme
20
4
Processes as Subject Matter Apart From Products
24
3
The Boundaries of the Three Product Categories
27
1
Compositions of Matter
28
1
Manufacture
29
1
Machines
30
1
Computer-Related Patents
31
4
Orphan Drug Act
35
1
Plant and Design Patents
36
3
Patentability---Novelty and Statutory Bar
39
27
Overview
39
4
Foreign Anticipation
43
1
Domestic Anticipation
44
2
References to Prior Publications
46
3
Substantial and Realized Anticipation
49
2
Statutory Bar
51
3
The Policies of Statutory Bar
54
1
Publicity and Limited Disclosures
55
4
Competing Claims to Novelty by Two or More Inventors---Priority
59
7
Patentability-Utility
66
4
Qualitative Utility
66
1
Presumed Utility
67
3
Patentability--Non-Obviousness
70
25
Overview
70
4
Invention and Nonobviousness
74
3
Negative Rules of Invention
77
4
The Statutory Test
81
4
Nonobviousness and Novelty
85
2
The Secondary Considerations...
87
4
The Importation of Section 102 Prior Art into Section 103
91
4
Double--Patenting
95
4
Attempts to Extend the Patent Monopoly
95
2
Terminal Disclaimer
97
2
The Patenting Process
99
25
Overview
99
1
The Patentee
100
1
Joint Invention
101
2
Prosecuting a Patent Application
103
3
The Specifications and Claims
106
4
The Limits of Agency Discretion
110
2
Claims Drafting
112
2
The Duty of Candor
114
5
Reissue and Re-examination
119
2
Judicial Review
121
3
Infringement
124
17
Overview
124
1
File Wrapper Estoppel
124
2
Claim Interpretation---Differentiation, Literality, and Equivalence
126
2
The Patent Rights
128
1
Direct, Indirect, and Contributory Infringement
129
6
Repair and Reconstruction
135
2
Infringement Defenses---Misuse
137
4
Remedies
141
3
Overview
141
1
Injunctive Relief
141
1
Damages
142
1
Attorneys' Fees
143
1
Patent Law and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation
144
2
Overview
144
2
PART II. TRADEMARKS
The Foundations of Trademark Protection
146
10
Origins and Development of Trademark Law
146
3
Common Law Trademark
149
3
Federal Registration
152
4
Distinctiveness
156
24
Overview
156
1
Different Markets
157
2
Prior Use
159
4
Secondary Meaning and Descriptiveness
163
8
The Bars Against Geographic Marks, Immoral Marks, and Surnames
171
7
The Supplemental Register
178
2
Dilution and the Expansion of Trademark Doctrine
180
13
Overview
180
1
Trademarks and Goodwill
181
3
Likelihood of Expansion
184
4
The Interests Protected
188
3
State Anti-dilution Statutes
191
2
Loss of Trademark Protection and Partial Protection
193
23
Partial Rights
193
3
The Rights of a Senior Registrant Against a Pre-registration User
196
2
The Rights of a Junior Registrant Against a Pre-registration User
198
2
Concurrent Registration
200
4
Abandonment
204
5
Incontestability
209
7
Trademark Practice
216
16
Overview
216
4
First Use in Commerce
220
10
Standing
230
2
Subject Matter
232
23
Overview
232
1
Certification Marks
233
4
Collective Marks
237
2
Service Marks
239
2
Primary Purpose
241
3
The Functional Bar
244
4
Color
248
2
Section 43(a)
250
5
Infringement
255
20
Overview
255
2
Similarity of Marks
257
2
Similarity of Goods or Services
259
3
Character and Similarity of Markets
262
5
Subsidiary Evidence of Likelihood of Confusion
267
3
Defenses---Fair and Collateral Use
270
2
Gray Market Goods
272
3
Remedies
275
5
Overview
275
1
Injunctive Relief
275
1
Accounting
276
2
Damages
278
1
Attorneys' Fees
278
2
PART III. COPYRIGHT
Foundations of Copyright Protection
280
10
Origins and Development of Copyright Law
280
3
The Copyright Acts
283
2
The Common Law-Statutory Copyright Distinction and the 1976 Act
285
2
Copyright Basics
287
3
The Subject Matter of Copyright
290
30
Originality
290
6
Copyrightable Works
296
6
Noncopyrightable Works
302
2
Writings and Fixation
304
3
Computer Programs
307
4
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act
311
1
Sound Recordings
312
6
Copyright Formalities---Registration and Notice
318
2
Exclusive Rights
320
14
Introduction
320
1
Reproduction
320
2
Derivative Works
322
1
Distribution
323
3
Performance
326
5
Display
331
3
Infringement
334
14
Overview
334
2
Proof of Infringement
336
4
Infringement of Musical Works
340
3
Infringement of Literary Works
343
5
Fair Use
348
22
Overview
348
1
The Dynamics of Fair Use
349
3
Purpose and Character of the Use
352
3
Nature of the Work
355
2
The Proportional Amount and Substance of the Use
357
3
The Effect on the Original Author's Economic Market
360
1
Parody, Burlesque, and Satire
361
2
Fair Use and Free Speech
363
3
Photocopying
366
1
The Functional-Equivalents Test
367
3
Ownership
370
22
The Copyright and the Material Object
370
1
Multiple Claims to Authorship
371
6
The Rights of Co-authors
377
1
Duration of Ownership
378
2
Termination of Transfers
380
5
Works for Hire
385
3
Pre-existing Works
388
4
Formal Requirements
392
10
Registration
392
5
Notice
397
5
Remedies
402
8
Injunctive Relief
402
1
Damages and Profits
403
4
Impoundment
407
1
Criminal Penalties
408
1
Attorneys' Fees and Costs
409
1
Copyright Laws and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation
410
15
Pre-emption
410
5
State Remedies
415
4
Other Federal Remedies
419
2
Moral Rights and the Berne Convention
421
4
Index
425