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Tables of Contents for Writing That Works
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
PART ONE: The Writing Process
1
152
Getting Started
3
18
Using a Systematic Approach to Writing
4
1
Determining Your Purpose
5
1
Determining Your Reader's Needs
5
1
Generating, Gathering, and Recording Ideas and Facts
6
4
Brainstorming
7
3
Other Sources of Information
10
1
Establishing Your Scope
10
1
Organizing Your Ideas
11
2
Successful Writing
13
6
Chapter Summary
19
1
Exercises
20
1
Organizing Your Information
21
30
Outlining
21
5
Roman Numeral Outline
22
3
Decimal Numbering System Outline
25
1
The Influence of Audience and Purpose
26
3
Methods of Organization
29
18
Step by Step
30
2
Chronological
32
2
Spatial
34
2
Division and Classification
36
3
Decreasing Order of Importance
39
2
Increasing Order of Importance
41
1
General to Specific
42
2
Specific to General
44
1
Comparison
45
2
Chapter Summary
47
1
Exercises
48
3
Writing the Draft
51
18
Developing Confidence
52
1
Using Time-Management Tactics
52
2
Allocate Your Time
52
1
Prepare Your Work Environment
53
1
Remain Flexible
53
1
Communicating with Your Reader
54
4
Determining Your Reader's Point of View
54
1
Establishing Your Role and Voice as the Writer
55
2
Writing for Multiple Readers
57
1
Tips for Writing the Rough Draft
58
1
A Sample Rough Draft
58
1
Writing an Opening
59
4
Writing a Closing
63
3
Chapter Summary
66
1
Exercises
67
2
Revising for Essentials
69
39
Tactics
69
2
Organization and Content
71
1
Accuracy and Completeness
72
1
Effective Sentences
73
1
Basics
74
9
Agreement
75
2
Consistency of Tense and Person
77
2
Dangling Modifiers
79
1
Misplaced Modifiers
80
1
Sentence Problems
81
2
Preciseness
83
5
Faulty Comparisons
84
1
Unclear Pronoun Reference
84
2
Imprecise Word Choice
86
2
Style
88
9
Conciseness
88
5
Technical Terminology
93
1
Jargon
94
1
Sexist and Racist Language
94
2
Point of View
96
1
Mechanics
97
3
Comma Errors
97
3
Spelling Errors
100
1
Two Revised Drafts
100
4
Chapter Summary
104
1
Exercises
105
3
Revising for Coherence, Emphasis, and Ethics
108
31
Paragraph Unity
109
2
Paragraph Length
111
1
Paragraph Coherence
111
4
Transitions between Sentences
112
1
Transitions between Paragraphs
113
2
Achieving Emphasis
115
1
Active and Passive Voice
115
3
Subordination
118
5
Ways of Subordinating
119
2
Subordinating to Achieve Emphasis
121
1
Avoiding Overloaded Sentences
122
1
Introductory Words and Phrases
123
1
Parallel Structure
124
1
Lists
125
1
Other Ways to Achieve Emphasis
126
3
Ethical Issues and Revision
129
2
Physical Appearance
131
1
A Rough and Revised Draft
131
4
Chapter Summary
135
1
Exercises
136
3
Collaborative Writing
139
14
Advantages and Disadvantages of Collaborative Writing
139
1
Functions of the Collaborative Writing Team
140
5
Planning
140
1
Research and Writing
141
1
Reviewing
142
3
Revising
145
1
The Role of Conflict in Collaborative Writing
145
1
Leading a Collaborative Writing Team
146
4
Schedule
147
2
Review Transmittal Sheet
149
1
Collaborating with Other Departments
150
1
Chapter Summary
150
1
Exercises
151
2
PART TWO: The Process at Work
153
350
Writing Strategies for Specific Purposes
155
26
Creating Instructions
156
5
Explaining a Process
161
3
Describing Information
164
2
Defining Terms and Concepts
166
7
Formal Definitions
166
2
Informal Definitions
168
1
Extended Definitions
169
1
Clarifying Definitions
170
2
Problems in Definition
172
1
Explaining Cause and Effect
173
2
Evidence Should Be Pertinent
173
1
Evidence Should Be Sufficient
173
1
Evidence Should Be Representative
174
1
Evidence Should Be Plausible
174
1
Linking Causes to Effects
174
1
Persuading Your Reader
175
3
Chapter Summary
178
1
Exercises
179
2
Principles of Business Correspondence
181
45
Selecting the Appropriate Medium
182
3
Letters on Organizational Stationery
182
1
Memorandums
183
1
Electronic Mail
183
1
Faxes
183
1
Telephone Calls
184
1
Voice Mail
184
1
Video Conferences
184
1
Meetings
184
1
Writing Letters
185
19
Tone: Goodwill and the ``You'' Attitude
185
2
Negative Messages and the Indirect Pattern
187
4
Letter Openings and Closings
191
2
Writing Style in Business Letters
193
1
Accuracy in Business Letters
193
3
Appearance in Business Letters
196
1
Parts of the Letter
196
7
Sample Letter Styles
203
1
Preparing the Envelope
203
1
The Memorandum
204
8
Writing Memos
205
1
Memo Openings
206
1
Lists and Headings
207
1
Writing Style and Tone
207
1
Format and Parts
208
2
The 30-Minute Memo
210
2
Electronic Mail
212
4
Writing Style
213
1
Email Etiquette
214
1
Review and Privacy Implications
215
1
International Correspondence
216
7
Culture and Business Writing Style
216
1
Language and Usage in International Correspondence
217
1
Dates, Time, and Measurement
218
5
Chapter Summary
223
1
Exercises
224
2
Types of Business Letters
226
37
The Order Letter
226
1
The Inquiry Letter
227
5
Response to an Inquiry Letter
232
1
The Transmittal Letter
232
3
The Acknowledgment Letter
235
1
The Complaint Letter
235
6
The Adjustment Letter
241
1
The Refusal Letter
241
3
The Resignation Letter
244
8
The Collection-Letter Series
252
4
The Sales Letter
256
2
Chapter Summary
258
1
Exercises
259
4
Informal Reports
263
22
Writing the Report
263
1
The Parts of the Report
264
1
Types of Reports
265
16
Trouble Report
265
1
Investigative Report
266
2
Progress and Periodic Reports
268
7
Trip Report
275
1
Test Report
275
6
Chapter Summary
281
1
Exercises
282
3
Researching Your Subject
285
54
Library Research
285
19
Searching Online Catalogs
286
5
Reference Works
291
13
Internet Research
304
8
Locating Information
305
5
Business Information on the Web
310
1
Evaluating Internet Sources
311
1
Evaluating Sources and Creating a Working Bibliography
312
1
Taking Notes
313
6
Using Notecards in Your Writing
314
5
Plagiarism
319
1
Interviewing
320
2
Before the Interview
320
1
Conducting the Interview
321
1
After the Interview
322
1
Using a Questionnaire
322
5
Other Sources of Information
327
1
First-Hand Observation and Experience
327
1
Free or Inexpensive Materials from Private and Governmental Agencies and Organizations
327
1
Documentation
328
8
Parenthetical Documentation
328
1
Citation Format for Works Cited
329
5
Numbered References
334
1
Notes
334
2
Chapter Summary
336
1
Exercises
336
3
Designing and Using Visual Aids
339
36
Creating and Integrating Illustrations with Text
339
3
Tables
342
1
Graphs
343
15
Line Graphs
344
5
Bar Graphs
349
2
Pie Graphs
351
2
Picture Graphs
353
5
Drawings
358
2
Flowcharts
360
3
Organizational Charts
363
2
Maps
365
1
Photographs
366
2
Highlighting Photographic Objects
366
1
Using Color
367
1
Tips for Using Photographs
367
1
Using Graphics to Communicate Globally
368
4
Chapter Summary
372
1
Exercises
373
2
Formal Reports
375
27
Order of Elements in a Formal Report
376
1
Transmittal Letter or Memorandum
377
1
Front Matter
378
8
Title Page
378
1
Abstracts
379
5
Table of Contents
384
1
Preface
384
2
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
386
1
Body
386
10
Executive Summary
386
4
Introduction
390
2
Text
392
4
Back Matter
396
3
Bibliography
396
1
Appendixes
396
3
Glossary
399
1
Graphic and Tabular Matter
399
1
Figures and Tables
399
1
Chapter Summary
400
1
Exercises
400
2
Proposals and Other Kinds of On-the-Job Communication
402
38
Proposals
402
29
Persuasive Writing
403
1
Internal Proposals
404
6
Sales Proposals
410
21
Minutes of Meetings
431
2
Creating Business Forms
433
5
Preparing the Form
433
3
Designing Forms
436
2
Chapter Summary
438
1
Exercises
439
1
Oral Communication
440
31
Listening
440
4
Fallacies about Listening
441
1
Steps to More Effective Listening
442
2
Oral Presentations
444
16
Focusing the Presentation
444
2
Gathering Information
446
1
Organizing the Presentation
446
9
Preparing to Deliver a Presentation
455
5
Nervousness
460
1
Conducting Productive Meetings
460
8
Planning a Meeting
460
4
Conducting a Meeting
464
4
Chapter Summary
468
2
Exercises
470
1
Finding a Job
471
32
Locating the Job You Want
471
4
School Placement Services
471
1
Networking
471
1
Advertisements in Newspapers
472
1
Trade and Professional Journals
472
1
Internet Resources
472
1
Letters of Inquiry
473
1
Private Employment Agencies
473
1
Other Sources
474
1
Preparing an Effective Resume
475
12
The Heading
476
1
Employment Objective (Optional)
476
1
Education
476
1
Employment Experience
477
1
Special Skills and Activities
477
1
Personal Data (Optional)
477
1
References
478
1
Writing and Formatting the Resume
478
1
Returning Job Seekers
478
1
Organizing Your Resume by Function Instead of by Job
479
3
Electronic Resumes
482
5
Writing an Effective Letter of Application
487
2
Doing Well in the Interview
489
7
Before the Interview
493
1
During the Interview
493
3
Sending Follow-Up Letters
496
4
Chapter Summary
500
1
Exercises
501
2
PART THREE: Writer's Guide
503
2
Section A The Electronic Office
505
6
Word Processing and the Writing Process
505
1
The Internet
506
4
Communicating with Others
507
1
Telnet: Running Remote Computers
508
1
FTP: Transferring Files
508
1
The Gopher Search System
508
1
World Wide Web
509
1
Searching and Using the Internet
510
1
Facsimile
510
1
Section B Spelling and Vocabulary
511
16
Spelling
511
14
The Silent-E Rule
514
1
Hard and Soft Sounds
515
1
Adding to Basic Words
516
3
Doubling Final Consonants
519
1
Prefixes and Suffixes
520
1
Words with ie or ei
521
1
Contractions
522
1
Abbreviated Spellings
522
1
Word Groups of Frequently Misspelled Words
522
3
Vocabulary
525
2
Section C Handbook of Grammar, Punctuation, and Mechanics
527
110
Parts of Speech
527
36
Nouns
527
4
Pronouns
531
9
Adjectives
540
3
Verbs
543
13
Adverbs
556
4
Conjunctions
560
1
Prepositions
561
2
Interjections
563
1
Phrases, Clauses, Sentences, and Paragraphs
563
26
Phrases
564
2
Clauses
566
2
Sentences
568
17
Paragraphs
585
4
Punctuation
589
25
Commas
589
8
Semicolons
597
1
Colons
598
2
Periods
600
3
Question Marks
603
1
Exclamation Marks
604
1
Parentheses
605
1
Hyphens
606
2
Quotation Marks
608
2
Dashes
610
1
Apostrophes
611
2
Slashes
613
1
Brackets
614
1
Mechanics
614
23
Numbers
615
3
Acronyms and Initialisms
618
2
Abbreviations
620
3
Ampersands
623
1
Capital Letters
624
5
Dates
629
1
Italics (Underlining)
630
2
Symbols
632
2
Proofreaders' Marks
634
3
Section D English as a Second Language (ESL)
637
6
Count and Noncount Nouns
637
1
Articles
638
1
Gerunds and Infinitives
639
1
Adjective Clauses
640
1
Present Perfect Verb Tense
641
1
Additional Writing Problems
641
2
Index
643