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Tables of Contents for The Criminal Elite
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1. INTRODUCTION
1
14
The Nature of White-Collar Crime
2
6
Measuring White-Collar Crime
8
3
The Varieties of White-Collar Crime
11
1
Preview
12
1
Notes
13
2
2. THE CRIMES
15
79
Ripping Off the Company: Larceny and Embezzlement
15
6
Employee Theft
15
2
Individual Embezzlement and Computer Crimes
17
3
Collective Embezzlement
20
1
Fraud and Deception
21
10
False Advertising
21
2
Consumer Fraud
23
3
Fraud in the Professions
26
1
Financial Fraud
27
2
Tax Evasion
29
2
Conflicts of Interest
31
6
Conflicts of Interest in Government
31
3
Conflicts of Interest in the Professions
34
3
Bribery and Corruption
37
10
Commercial Bribery
39
1
Corruption in Criminal Justice
40
4
Political Bribery and Corruption
44
3
Manipulating the Marketplace
47
8
Unfair Business Practices
47
3
Mergers and Acquisitions
50
1
Conspiracies
51
2
Collusion in the Professions
53
2
Violating Civil Liberties
55
11
Discrimination and Sexual Harassment
55
2
Violations of Privacy
57
4
Political Harassment and Repression
61
5
Violent White-Collar Crimes
66
14
Political Violence
66
2
Unsafe Production: Dangerous Working Conditions and Violent Environmental Crimes
68
5
Unsafe Products: Violence against Consumers
73
7
A Case Study: The Financial Crime Wave of the 1980s
80
5
Notes
85
9
3. THE LAWS
94
29
Protecting Business: Embezzlement and Pilferage
95
2
Protecting Competition: Antitrust Legislation
97
5
Protecting Democracy: Fair Political Practices
102
4
Protecting The Public: Consumers, Workers, and the Environment
106
8
Corporate Criminal Responsibility: Who Can Commit a Crime?
114
2
Origins of the Laws
116
4
Notes
120
3
4. ENFORCEMENT
123
53
Self-Regulation
124
2
Government Regulation
126
12
Regulatory Agencies
127
5
The Regulatory Process
132
6
The Criminal Justice System
138
8
Law Enforcement Agencies
138
1
The Prosecutors
139
1
The Defense
140
2
The Courts
142
4
Civil Suits
146
3
The Effectiveness of Enforcement
149
3
Two Case Studies
152
8
Antitrust and the Petroleum Industry
152
5
The Rise and Fall of Michael Milken
157
3
Why Justice Fails
160
10
Two Red Herrings
161
1
Hollow Laws
162
1
The Paucity of Resources
163
2
The Personal Advantages of Privilege
165
1
The Advantages of Corporate Organization
165
1
Hidden Crimes
166
2
The Techniques of Obstruction
168
1
The Corruption of Enforcement
169
1
Notes
170
6
5. THE CAUSES
176
43
Formulating the Motivation
177
10
The Personality Factor
177
4
The Culture of Competition
181
6
Neutralizing Social Controls
187
12
Techniques of Neutralization
188
6
Organizational Conformity
194
5
The Distribution of Opportunity
199
13
Industries
200
4
Organizations
204
3
Occupations
207
2
Gender
209
3
Review
212
1
Notes
213
6
6. THE CRIMINAL ELITE
219
19
The Problem of White-Collar Crime: A Summary
219
5
What Can Be Done?
224
12
Ethical Reforms
224
2
Enforcement Reforms
226
5
Structural Reforms
231
3
Political Reforms
234
2
A Concluding Note
236
1
Notes
236
2
INDEX
238