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Tables of Contents for Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
SUMMARY
1
330
1 INTRODUCTION
17
29
Overview of the Environment,
19
7
The Fishes,
26
2
Requirements of the Endangered Species Act,
28
2
Interested Parties,
30
3
The Committee,
33
4
Summary of the Biological Assessments and Biological Opinions of 2002,
37
8
Context for the Committee's Report,
45
1
2 LAND USE AND WATER MANAGEMENT
46
49
Description of the Klamath River Watershed,
46
7
Aquatic Environments in the Upper Klamath Basin,
53
4
Aquatic Environments in the Lower Klamath Basin,
57
1
History of Land Use in the Klamath Basin,
57
14
Fishing and Attempts to Regulate Loss of Fish,
71
1
Wetland Transformations,
71
3
The Economy of the Klamath Basin,
74
19
Overview,
93
2
3 CURRENT STATUS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: LAKES
95
49
Introduction,
95
2
Upper Klamath Lake,
97
32
Clear Lake,
129
3
Gerber Reservoir,
132
1
Lower Klamath Lake,
133
1
Tule Lake,
133
1
Reservoirs of the Main Stem,
134
7
Conclusions,
141
3
4 CURRENT AND HISTORICAL STATUS OF RIVER AND STREAM ECOSYSTEM
144
35
Tributaries to Upper Klamath Lake (RM 337-270),
144
2
The Lost River,
146
1
The Main-Stem Klamath: Iron Gate Dam to Orleans RM 192-60),
147
6
The Shasta River (RM 177),
153
6
The Scott River (RM 143),
159
9
The Salmon River (RM 62),
168
1
The Trinity River (RM 43),
168
7
Minor Tributaries to the Lower Klamath Main Stem (RM 192-0),
175
1
Main-Stem Klamath to the Pacific (RM 60-0),
176
2
Conclusions,
178
1
5 FISHES OF THE UPPER KLAMATH BASIN
179
35
Native Fishes,
180
8
Nonnative Fishes,
188
1
Endangered Suckers of the Klamath Basin,
189
23
Conclusions,
212
2
6 CAUSES OF DECLINE AND STRATEGIES FOR RECOVERY OF KLAMATH BASIN SUCKERS
214
36
Criteria for Judging Status and Recovery of Sucker Populations,
214
3
Requirements for Protection and Recovery,
217
2
Suppression of Endangered Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake,
219
27
Lessons from Comparative Biology of Suckers,
246
1
Conclusions,
247
3
7 FISHES OF THE LOWER KLAMATH BASIN
250
37
Coho Salmon,
252
11
Chinook Salmon,
263
7
Steelhead,
270
4
Other Fishes,
274
4
Mass Mortality of Fish in the Lower Klamath River in 2002,
278
5
Conclusions,
283
4
8 FACILITATING RECOVERY OF COHO SALMON AND OTHER ANADROMOUS FISHES OF THE KLAMATH RIVER
287
24
Restoration of Tributaries,
287
11
The Main-Stem Klamath River,
298
3
The Lowermost Klamath and Ocean Conditions,
301
1
Removal of Dams,
302
1
Changes in Operation of Hatcheries,
303
1
Land-Management Practices,
304
1
Creation of a Framework for Fish Management,
305
2
Possible Future Effects of Climate Change,
307
1
Conclusions,
308
3
9 REGULATORY CONTEXT: THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT
311
20
Overview of the ESA in the Klamath Context,
312
4
Species Listing and Designation of Critical Habitat,
316
5
Regulatory Consequences,
321
8
Conclusions,
329
2
10 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION IN THE KLAMATH BASIN
331
13
Adaptive Management as an Organizing Framework,
332
5
Policy Options and Restoration Activities,
337
3
Improvement of Resource Management in the Klamath Basin,
340
3
Conclusions,
343
1
11 RECOMMENDATIONS
344
9
Basinwide Issues,
344
2
Endangered Lost River and Shortnose Suckers,
346
3
Threatened Coho Salmon,
349
3
Costs,
352
1
REFERENCES
353
26
APPENDIX A Statement of Task
379
2
APPENDIX B Committee on Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin
381
4
INDEX
385