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Tables of Contents for Applied Chemistry
Abbreviations Used in This Text
xxi
Renewable Energy Sources
6
1
Exercises24
1
Further Reading25
2
Coal and its Environment
36
2
Fluidized Bed Combustion
38
1
Exercises39
3
Further Reading42
1
World Production of Crude Oil
44
5
Exercises56
3
Further Reading59
2
Ignition Temperature, Flash Point, Fire Point, and Smoke Point
65
2
The Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine
67
1
Exercises75
2
Further Reading77
2
Exercises89
1
Further Reading90
3
Other Carbon Based Fuel Gases
101
1
Methods of Preparation of H2
104
3
Electrolysis104
1
Thermal Methods105
1
Natural Gas106
1
Thermal-Nuclear-Electrical107
1
Photoelectrolysis107
1
Transportation and Storage of H2
107
3
Exercises111
1
Further Reading112
3
Basic Theory of Nuclear Energy
115
5
Nuclear Model and Nuclear Reactions
120
2
Radioactive Decay Rates
122
1
The Hazards of Nuclear Energy
131
3
Exercises140
1
Further Reading141
2
Lubrication and Lubricants
143
16
An Introduction to Tribology
143
1
Journal Bearings145
2
Thrust Bearings147
1
Slider Bearings148
1
Ball Bearings148
2
Extreme Pressure Lubrication
150
1
Exercises157
1
Further Reading158
1
Electrochemistry, Batteries and Fuel Cells
159
32
Electrolysis and Electrodeposition of Metals
162
2
Electrochemical Machining
164
4
The Cathode165
1
The Electrolyte165
3
Primary Batteries171
4
Secondary Batteries175
3
Exercises188
1
Further Reading189
2
Factors Affecting the Rate of Corrosion
192
3
Uniform Corrosion195
1
Bimetallic Corrosion195
1
Crevice Corrosion196
1
Pitting Corrosion196
1
Grain Boundary Corrosion196
2
Layer Corrosion198
1
Stress Corrosion Cracking198
1
Cavitation Corrosion199
1
Hydrogen Embrittlement200
1
Atmospheric Corrosion
200
1
Corrosion Protection and Inhibition
203
1
Corrosion in Boiler Steam and Condensate
204
1
Exercises205
1
Further Reading206
1
Polymers and Plastics
207
30
Classification of Polymers
210
2
Addition Polymers211
1
Condensation Polymers211
1
Polyethylene212
1
Polypropylene213
1
Polyvinylchloride214
1
Polyvinylidenechloride214
1
Polystyrene215
1
Polyacrylonitrile215
2
Polymethyl Methacrylate217
1
Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyvinyl Alcohol217
1
Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon217
1
Condensation Polymers
218
2
Nylon219
1
Polyester219
1
Polycarbonates and Epoxides219
1
Thermosetting Polymers
220
3
Phenol Formaldehyde (Bakelite)220
1
Urea Formaldehyde221
1
Polyurethane222
1
Glass Transition Temperature
223
1
Mechanical Strength of Plastics
229
1
Fire Retardants in Plastics
229
8
Exercises233
1
Further Reading234
3
Adhesives and Adhesion
237
18
Classification and Types of Adhesives
238
1
The Theory of The Adhesive Bond
240
5
Mechanical Interlocking241
1
Diffusion Theory241
3
Electrostatic Theory244
1
Adsorption Theory244
1
Chemistry of Selected Adhesives
245
10
Exercises252
1
Further Reading253
2
Constituents of Paint and Coatings
255
1
Formaldehyde Resins263
3
Fire Retardant Paints
266
1
Exercises267
1
Further Reading267
2
Chemical Stability273
1
Sensitivity to Ignition273
1
Sensitivity to Detonation274
1
Velocity of Detonation274
1
Explosive Strength274
1
Nitroglycerine276
1
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)276
1
Tetryl276
1
Ammonium Nitrate277
1
Hexogen277
2
Propellants279
1
Pyrotechnics279
1
Metalworking279
2
Riveting281
1
Accidental Explosions
282
5
Exercises284
1
Further Reading285
2
Turbidity291
1
Color291
2
Odor and Taste293
1
Chlorine294
1
Ozone294
1
Water Quality-Hardness
297
2
Ion-exchange300
1
Reverse Osmosis300
1
Electrocoagulation300
2
Electrodialysis302
1
Exercises305
1
Further Reading306
1
Cement, Ceramics, and Composites
307
14
Manufacture of Portland Cement
308
2
Exercises317
1
Further Reading318
3
Appendix A. Fundamental Constants and Units
321
4
Appendix B. Viscosity
325
10
B.2. Measurement of Viscosity
326
3
B.2.1. Ostwald Viscometer327
1
B.2.2. Falling Ball Method327
2
B.3. Applications of Viscosity
329
1
B.3.1. Molecular Weight of Polymers329
1
B.5. Electrorheological Fluids
332
3
Exercises333
1
Further Reading333
2
APPENDIX C. SURFACE CHEMISTRY
335
12
C.2. Measurement of Surface Tension
338
4
C.2.1. Capillary Tube Rise Method338
1
C.2.2. Ring or du Nouy Method339
1
C.2.3. Bubble Pressure Method340
1
C.2.4. Drop Weight Method341
1
C.3. The Spreading Coefficient
342
1
C.4. The Solid-Gas Interface
343
1
C.5. The Solid-Liquid Interface
344
3
Exercises345
1
Further Reading346
1
D.3. Components of a Patent
351
2
D.3.1. Title351
1
D.3.2. Background of the Invention351
1
D.3.3. Summary of the Invention351
1
D.3.4. Brief Description of the Drawings352
1
D.3.5. Description of the Preferred Embodiment352
1
D.3.6. Claims352
1
D.3.7. Abstract352
1
D.4. The Provisional Patent
353
2
Further Reading353
2
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