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Tables of Contents for Cryogenic Regenerative Heat Exchangers
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Symbols
xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1
14
1.1. Historical Review of Regenerative Heat Exchangers
2
4
1.2. Cryogenic Applications
6
3
1.3. Regenerator Performance in Cryogenic Applications
9
2
1.4. Summary
11
1
References
12
3
Chapter 2 Regenerative Heat Exchanger Theory
15
46
2.1. Regenerator Designs
15
2
2.2. Regenerator Theory
17
6
2.2.1. Basic Principles
18
1
2.2.2. Equation of State
19
1
2.2.3. Compressibility
20
2
2.2.4. Flow Energy
22
1
2.3. Equation of Continuity
23
2
2.4. The Energy Equation
25
5
2.4.1. The Matrix Energy Equation
26
2
2.4.2. The Fluid Energy Equation
28
2
2.5. The Ideal Regenerator
30
7
2.6. Regenerator Thermal Design Parameters
37
3
2.6.1. Exchanger Heat Transfer Effectiveness
37
1
2.6.2. Number of Exchanger Heat Transfer Units
38
1
2.6.3. Fluid Capacity Ratio
39
1
2.6.4. Matrix Capacity Ratio
39
1
2.6.5. Nusselt Number
39
1
2.7. Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop
40
6
2.8. Regenerator Flow Design Parameters
46
1
2.8.1. Hydraulic Radius
47
1
2.8.2. Reynolds Number
47
1
2.9. Regenerator Material Selection and Design
47
11
2.9.1. Regenerator Packing Geometries
48
7
2.9.2. Regenerator Materials
55
3
2.10. References
58
3
Chapter 3 Regenerator Performance Analysis
61
42
3.1. Analytical Solutions for the Ideal Regenerator
61
14
3.2. Ideal Regenerator Performance Characteristics
75
3
3.3. Nonidealized Regenerator Performance
78
22
3.3.1. The Effect of Longitudinal Heat Conduction on Regenerator Performance
83
7
3.3.2. The Effect of Variable Matrix Specific Heat on Regenerator Performance
90
5
3.3.3. High-Specific-Heat Materials
95
5
References
100
3
Chapter 4 Regenerator Performance Data
103
44
4.1. Regenerator Test Apparatus
103
4
4.2. Regenerator Test Data
107
37
4.2.1. Warm Temperature Data
107
13
4.2.2. Cryogenic Test Data
120
18
4.2.3. Regenerator Test Data below 80 K
138
5
4.2.4. Summary of Test Results
143
1
References
144
3
Chapter 5 Numerical Methods for Evaluating Regenerator Performance
147
46
5.1. Numerical Solution for the Ideal Regenerator Thermal Equations
148
12
5.1.1. Open Model Convergence Criteria
152
2
5.1.2. Open Model Accuracy
154
1
5.1.3. Numerical Parallel-Flow Model
155
5
5.2. Numerical Solutions for the Nonideal Regenerator Thermal Equations
160
7
5.3. Regenerator Optimization
167
23
5.3.1. Optimization Analysis
170
13
5.3.2. Example of the Optimization Procedure
183
7
References
190
3
Chapter 6 Regenerator Cryogenic Refrigerators
193
30
6.1. Stirling Cycle Cryocooler
193
5
6.1.1. Regenerator Flow in a Stirling Cycle Cryocooler
196
2
6.1.2. Regenerator Optimization for Stirling Cycle Refrigerators
198
1
6.2. Gifford-McMahon Cycle Cryocooler
198
9
6.2.1. Regenerator Flow in a Gifford-McMahon Cycle Cryocooler
202
3
6.2.2. Influence of Regenerator Effectiveness on the Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler Performance
205
2
6.3. Pulse Tube Refrigeration
207
5
6.4. Magnetic Refrigeration
212
4
6.5. Vuilleumier Refrigerator
216
2
6.6. Multistage Refrigerators
218
3
References
221
2
Index
223