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Tables of Contents for The Hausa Language
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Tables and Figures
xxxiii
Preface
xxxv
Symbols and Abbreviations
xxxvii
Glossary of Hausa Words Untranslated in Examples
xxxix
Maps
x1
Introduction
1
4
History of Hausa Linguistics
2
1
Recent Pedagogical Works on Hausa
2
1
Data Sources for the Grammar
2
1
Transcription System
3
1
Organization of the Grammar
4
1
Abstract Nouns (Derived)
5
8
Segmental Shape of the Abstract Suffixes
5
3
With disyllabic stems
6
2
With polysyllabic stems
8
1
Tone
8
1
The suffix-cI)HL
8
1
The suffix-taka)LHL
8
1
The Suffix-ta
8
1
Abutting Consonant Adjustments
9
1
Special Forms of the Base
10
1
Alternative Forms
11
2
Abstract Nouns of Sensory Quality and Their Derivatives
13
6
ANSQs
13
2
Attenuation
14
1
Derived Adjectives of Sensory Quality (DASQ)
15
2
Derived Verbs of Sensory Quality (DVSQ)
17
2
Adjectival Past Participles
19
3
Form
19
1
Use
20
1
Expansion
20
2
Adjectives
22
12
Introduction
22
1
Morphological Classes of Adjectives
22
7
Simple adjectives
23
1
Derived adjectives
24
1
Agential adjectives
24
1
Ethnonymic adjectives
25
1
Adjectival past participles
25
1
Derived adjectives of sensory quality
25
1
Augmentative adjectives
25
1
Diminutive adjectives
26
1
H-L reduplicated ideophonic adjectives
26
1
LL-HL reduplicated adjectives
26
1
Reduplicated adjectives (X-like')
26
1
Attenuated reduplicated adjectives (`-ish')
27
1
ANSQs
28
1
Compound adjectives
29
1
Syntax
29
4
Predicate adjectives
29
1
Attributive adjectives
30
1
Alternative word orders
30
1
Strictly post-nominal adjectives
30
1
Gender/number agreement with conjoined NPs
31
1
Headless adjectives
32
1
The ``quality-with pronoun'' construction
33
1
Comparative/Superlative
33
1
Adverbs
34
15
Introduction
34
1
Basic/Simple Adverbs
35
4
Spatial
35
1
Temporal
35
1
Deictics: Both spatial and temporal
36
1
Form
36
1
Meaning
36
2
Manner, intensity, and other miscellaneous adverbs
38
1
Derived Adverbs
39
2
Denominal adverbs
39
2
Deverbal statives
41
1
Reduplication
41
2
Strengthening
41
1
Attenuation
42
1
Distributives
42
1
Prepositional Phrases
43
2
Spatial
43
1
Temporal
44
1
Manner
44
1
Instrumental
45
1
Nonprepositional Phrasal Adverbs
45
1
Compounds
46
1
Even
46
1
A Little/A Lot Entirely
47
1
Exactly
47
1
Especially
48
1
Afterthought (Right Dislocation)
49
2
Agent, Location, and Instrument (ma-Forms)
51
10
Agent (ma-...I)
51
6
Form
51
1
Verb stems with-TA
52
1
Meaning
53
1
Gender restrictions
53
1
Productivity and alternatives
53
1
Agent nouns with objects
54
1
Full-form agentives with objects
54
1
Plural agentives with objects
54
1
Short-form agentives with objects
55
1
Adjectival usage
56
1
Location (ma-...a/ma-..I)
57
1
Instrument (ma-I)
58
1
Frozen ma-Forms
59
2
Apposition
61
3
Introduction
61
1
Weak Pronouns
62
1
Emphatic Reflexives
62
1
Prenominal Possessives
62
1
`Kind of' Phrases
63
1
Unit Measures
63
1
Pronouns with Numerals
63
1
Aspectual Verbs
64
7
Introduction
64
2
Indirect Objects
66
1
TAM
67
1
The Embedded Complement and yi Deletion
67
2
Deletion of Full Verbs in the Embedded Clause
69
1
Stacking of AVs
69
1
Subjunctive Complements
69
2
Associated Characteristics (Suffix-au)
71
3
Group 1
71
1
Group 2
72
1
Group 3
72
1
Group 4
72
1
Group 5
72
1
Group 6
73
1
Group 7
73
1
Augmentatives and Diminutives
74
7
Augmentative Adjectives
74
4
Augmentative-1 (A & B forms)
75
1
Augmentative-1b: The B-form-eCe)HL
75
1
Plurals ax2)H-L
76
1
Augmentative-1a: The A-form-I)H
76
1
Augmentative-2: The C-form-I)LHLH
77
1
Related Derivations
78
1
Exclamations
78
1
Ideophonic qualifiers
78
1
Diminutive Adjectives
79
2
Causatives (and Related Formations)
81
8
Causatives
81
6
Causatives with finite clause complements
81
3
Negation
84
1
Adverbs
85
1
Q-word questions
85
1
Relativization, focus, and topicalization
85
1
Causatives with NP complements
86
1
Permissives and Prohibitives
87
2
Permissives
87
1
Prohibitives
88
1
Cognate Accusative
89
4
Cognate Accusative Type 1 (Adverbial)
89
2
Cognate accusative with modifier
89
2
Focus and relativization
91
1
Cognate accusative with numeral
91
1
Cognate Accusative Type 2 (Direct Object)
91
1
Cognate accusative-2 plus cognate accusative-1
91
1
Cognate Accusative Type 3 (na + VN)
92
1
Comparison
93
4
Comparison at a Higher Degree
93
2
Adverbial comparison
94
1
Agentive and stative phrases
95
1
Other `exceed' verbs
95
1
Comparison at an Equal Degree
95
1
Comparison at a Lower Degree
96
1
Clausal Comparison
96
1
Complementation
97
12
VP Complements
97
2
`That' complements
97
2
`To' complements
99
1
Propositional Complements
99
10
Kinds of complement-taking expressions (CTEs)
101
2
Negation
103
1
Question words, focus, topicalization
104
1
Constituents in the CP
104
1
The CP
105
1
The CTE
106
1
Yes/No questions
107
2
Compounds
109
16
External: Part of Speech
110
4
Nouns
110
1
Gender
110
2
Plurality
112
1
Adjectives
113
1
Adverbs
113
1
Verbs
114
1
Internal Structure of Compounds
114
6
Noun-linked compounds (N.L + N)
114
2
Adjective-Noun compounds (Adj.L + N)
116
1
V + X compounds
116
1
Special L-tone compound form
116
2
Imperative verb form
118
1
Infinitives
119
1
Phrasal compounds
119
1
Juxtaposed compounds
119
1
Agentive compounds
120
1
Sentential compounds
120
1
Fused Compounds
120
1
Loans
121
1
Productivity
122
3
d'an-
122
1
abokin
123
1
ruwan-
123
1
ban
123
2
Conditionals and Concessives
125
7
Regular Conditionals
125
2
Formation
125
1
Meaning
126
1
Counterfactual Conditionals
127
1
Formation
127
1
Meaning
128
1
Concessive Conditionals
128
1
Formation
128
1
Meaning
129
1
Hypothetical Concessive Conditionals
129
1
Universal (Indefinite) Concessive Conditionals
130
1
Concessives
131
1
Conjunctions
132
3
Basic Coordinating Conjunctions
132
1
And
132
1
Or
132
1
But
133
1
The Words har and sai
133
1
Subordinating Conjunctions
134
1
Coordination
135
8
NP Coordination
135
3
And
135
1
Ellipsis in coordinate phrases
136
1
Asymmetric coordination
136
1
Concord phenomena
137
1
Or
137
1
But
138
1
Coordination of Sentences
138
5
And
138
2
TAM deletion
140
1
Reduction of repeated NPs
141
1
Verbal ellipsis
142
1
Or
142
1
But and however
142
1
Definite Article
143
4
Form
144
2
Double Definite Articles
146
1
Demonstratives and Determiners
147
9
The wa-Words
147
8
Definite (deictic) demonstratives
148
1
Short-form definite demonstratives
149
1
Short-form and long-form definite demonstratives contrasted
150
2
Interrogative demonstratives
152
1
Relative pronouns
153
1
Specific indefinite demonstratives
153
1
Unspecified pronouns
154
1
Pronouns as Determiners/Specifiers
155
1
Isolator
155
1
Deverbal Nouns
156
4
DVNs with Verbal Noun Morphology
156
2
Weak VNs
157
1
Stem-derived VNs
157
1
Base-derived VNs
157
1
-I
157
1
-u
157
1
-e
157
1
-o
157
1
-a (variable gender)
158
1
DVNs without Regular Verbal Noun Morphology
158
2
DVNs with-iya and-uwa
158
1
DVNs with-e)HL
158
1
DVNs with-ko
158
2
Equational Sentences
160
10
Basic Structure
160
1
Identificational Sentences
161
1
Alternative Have Expressions
161
1
Pleonastic Independent Pronouns
162
1
Resumptive Independent Pronouns
162
1
Concord
162
1
Negation
163
1
Omission of the Stabilizer
164
2
Names, times, places, occupations, numbers
164
1
Exclamatory expressions
164
1
Reduction of multiple stabilizers
165
1
Position of the Stabilizer
166
4
Focus
166
1
Focusing of the Y
166
1
Question words
167
1
Heavy predicate shift
167
3
Ethnonyms
170
6
Basic Form and Meaning (ba-)
170
2
Alternative Constructions
172
1
The -awa Suffix
172
3
Plural ethnonyms
172
1
Singular/plural asymmetry
173
1
Followers of
174
1
Toponyms
174
1
Adjectives
175
1
Plural of adjectival ethnonyms
175
1
Common nouns from adjectival ethnonyms
175
1
Exclamations/Interjections
176
2
Nonderived Lexical Exclamations
176
1
Derived Exclamations -i)HL(H)
177
1
Existential and Other Nonverbal Sentences
178
5
Existential Sentences
178
3
Existentials expressing attributes
179
1
Negative
179
1
Times and numbers
180
1
Negative-HAVE
180
1
The ba X ba Y construction
181
1
Presentational Sentences
181
1
Qualitative Sentences
182
1
Rather Sentences
182
1
Expressives of Contempt
183
4
Introduction
183
1
Form
183
4
Basic formation
183
1
Compounds and phrases
184
1
Consonant-final words
184
1
Nasal-final words
184
1
Monosyllabic words
185
1
Palatal(ized) consonants
185
1
Prepausal glottal stop
186
1
Focus
187
9
Introduction
187
1
Form and Structure
188
3
Focus with sai
190
1
Equational sentences
190
1
Focus from Lower Clause
191
1
Role of the Focused Element
192
2
Negation and Focus
194
1
Pseudo-Cleft Sentences
194
2
Frequentatives
196
3
Form
196
1
Function
197
2
Plurals of common nouns
197
1
Repeated action verbal nouns
197
2
Games and Activities (Nominal Derivation)
199
1
Gender
200
16
Intrinsic Gender
200
8
Lexically specific
201
1
Variation
201
2
Set gender classes
203
1
Geographical locations
203
1
Months and days of the week
204
1
Prayer times
204
1