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Tables of Contents for The Human Impact on the Natural Environment
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface to the Fifth Edition
ix
Acknowledgements
x
Introduction
1
36
The development of ideas
1
11
The development of human population and stages of cultural development
12
4
Hunting and gathering
16
4
Humans as cultivators, keepers and metal workers
20
11
Modern industrial and urban civilizations
31
6
The Human Impact on Vegetation
37
69
Introduction
37
1
The use of fire
38
3
Fires: natural and anthropogenic
41
3
The temperatures attained in fires
44
1
Some consequences of fire suppression
45
3
Some effects of fire on vegetation
48
1
The role of grazing
49
3
Deforestation
52
9
Secondary rain forest
61
1
The human role in the creation and maintenance of savanna
62
5
The spread of desert vegetation on desert margins
67
9
The maquis of the Mediterranean lands
76
2
The prairie problem
78
2
Post-glacial vegetational change in Britain and Europe
80
3
Introduction, invasion and explosion
83
8
Air pollution and its effects on plants
91
3
Forest decline
94
5
Miscellaneous causes of plant decline
99
4
The change in genetic and species diversity
103
3
Human influence on Animals
106
54
Introduction
106
1
Domestication of animals
106
1
Dispersal and invasions of animals
107
8
Human influence on the expansion of animal populations
115
6
Causes of animal contractions and decline: pollution
121
9
Habitat change and animal decline
130
7
Other causes of animal decline
137
5
Animal extinctions in prehistoric and historic times
142
8
Modern-day extinctions
150
10
The Human Impact on the Soil
160
43
Introduction
160
1
Salinity: natural sources
161
2
Human agency and increased salinity
163
5
The spread of salinity
168
3
Consequences of salinity
171
2
Reclamation of salt-affected lands
173
1
Lateritization
173
2
Accelerated podzolization and acidification
175
2
Soil structure alteration
177
3
Soil drainage and its impact
180
3
Soil fertilization
183
2
Fires and soil
185
1
Soil erosion: general considerations
185
3
Soil erosion associated with deforestation and agriculture
188
8
Soil erosion produced by fire
196
1
Soil erosion associated with construction and urbanization
197
2
Attempts at soil conservation
199
4
The Human Impact on the Waters
203
58
Introduction
203
1
Deliberate modification of rivers
203
16
Urbanization and its effects on river flow
219
3
Deforestation and its effects on river flow
222
4
The human impact on lake levels
226
3
Changes in groundwater conditions
229
6
Water pollution
235
4
Chemical pollution by agriculture and other activities
239
12
Deforestation and its effects on water quality
251
3
Thermal pollution
254
3
Pollution with suspended sediments
257
1
Marine pollution
257
4
Human Agency in Geomorphology
261
67
Introduction
261
2
Landforms produced by excavation
263
6
Landforms produced by construction and dumping
269
6
Accelerated sedimentation
275
5
Ground subsidence
280
8
Arroyo trenching, gullies and peat haggs
288
5
Accelerated weathering and the tufa decline
293
1
Accelerated mass movements
294
5
Deliberate modification of channels
299
1
Non-deliberate river-channel changes
300
7
Reactivation and stabilization of sand dunes
307
4
Accelerated coastal erosion
311
11
Changing rates of salt marsh accretion
322
1
The human impact on seismicity and volcanoes
323
5
The Human Impact on Climate and the Atmosphere
328
51
World climates
328
5
The greenhouse gases---carbon dioxide
333
3
Other greenhouse gases
336
4
Aerosols
340
3
Vegetation and albedo change
343
2
Forests, irrigation and climate
345
2
The possible effects of water diversion schemes
347
1
Lakes
347
1
Urban climates
348
7
Urban air pollution
355
7
Air pollution: some further effects
362
9
Stratospheric ozone depletion
371
3
Deliberate climate modification
374
3
Conclusion
377
2
The Future
379
40
Introduction
379
2
The climatic future
381
4
The patterning of change
385
4
Potential consequences of global warming
389
1
Changes in tropical cyclones
390
2
The cryosphere
392
4
The biosphere
396
4
The hydrosphere
400
3
The aeolian environment
403
1
Coastal environments
404
11
Future uncertainty
415
1
Future responses
416
3
Conclusion
419
15
The power of non-industrial and pre-industrial civilizations
419
1
The proliferation of impacts
420
5
Changes are reversible
425
3
The susceptibility to change
428
3
Human influence or nature?
431
2
Into the unknown
433
1
Guide to Reading
434
4
References
438
52
Index
490