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Tables of Contents for Teaching the Language Arts
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
Learning Language and the Language Arts
1
46
Theoretical Foundations: Learning the Language Arts
3
17
Basic Terms
3
2
How Children Learn Language
5
8
Learning the Rule Systems That Govern Language
13
4
Emergent Language Arts Abilities from Birth to Age 3
17
3
Putting Theory into Practice: Principles of Language Arts Instruction
20
13
Principles on Which to Build Language Learning Activities
21
7
Integrating the Language Arts: Using Varied Genre
28
1
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Creating a Multicultural Classroom
29
2
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Using Parent Observations
31
2
Teachers as Continual Learners: Improving Our Professiona Competencies
33
14
Professional Development Activity: Scaffolding
33
3
For Your Journal: Daybooks
36
2
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Capitalizing on the Power of Play
38
1
Summary
39
2
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
41
6
Teaching the Language Arts
47
44
Theoretical Foundations: Research on How to Organize Language Arts
48
21
Developing a Master Plan
49
3
Devising Daily Schedules
52
11
Grouping for Instruction
63
6
Putting Theory into Practice: Activities for the First Week of School
69
10
Integrating the Language Arts: Predictable Books, Big Books, and Wordless Books
71
2
Inside Culturally and Linguistically Enriched Classrooms: Differing Cultural Values, Limited English Proficiencies, and Native American Languages
73
3
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Beginning-of Year Assessments
76
3
Teachers as Continual Learners: Beginning the Year
79
12
Professional Development Activity: Your Teaching Philosophy
79
2
For Your Journal: Personal Journals and Introducing Journals co Preschoolers and at the Beginning of the Year for Older Students
81
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Parent Letters
82
2
Summary
84
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
84
4
Thematic Unit: Using Predictable Picture Books
88
3
Oral Communication
91
48
Theoretical Foundations: Students' Oral Language Needs
92
16
Stages of Oral Language Development
95
4
Functions of Language
99
2
Dialectical Differences
101
5
Eliminating Distracting Vocal Qualities
106
2
Putting Theory into Practice: Improving Students' Speaking Abilities
108
21
Activities That Improve Students' Speaking Abilities
108
8
Integrating the Language Arts
116
3
Inside Culturally and Linguistically Enriched Classrooms: Ten Lessons That Enrich Bilingual Students' Learning
119
6
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Anecdotal Records
125
2
Developing Technological Competencies: Keeping Abreast of Innovations, E-Mail, Chatrooms, and Key Pals
127
2
Teachers as Continual Learners: Teaching Oral Language
129
10
Professional Development Activity: How to Do a ``Think-Aloud''
129
1
For Your Journal: Dialogue Journals
130
2
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Developing Telephoning Skills
132
1
Summary
132
2
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
134
5
Listening Development: A Student-Centered Approach
139
52
Theoretical Foundations: Students' Listening Needs
141
18
Why Students Need Listening Instruction
141
1
Purposes for Listening
142
1
Levels of Listening Ability
143
16
Putting Theory into Practice: Improving Students' Listening
159
14
Integrating the Language Arts
165
4
Inside Academically Diverse Classrooms: Oral and Written Language Learning Disabilities
169
3
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Rating Scales to Assess Oral Language Arts Processes
172
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Listening to Students, Their Stories, and Their Voices
173
18
Professional Development Activity: Storytelling
173
5
For Your Journal: Purpose-Posing Journals
178
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Family Story Projects
178
2
Summary
180
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
181
4
Thematic Unit: Emphasizing Native American Folklore for Kindergarten through Second Grade
185
6
When Sound Meets Print: Teaching Phonics and Vocabulary
191
150
Theoretical Foundations: Developing Vocabularies as a Parallel Support for Phonics Instruction
193
19
Building Vocabularies
195
2
Decoding and Encoding
197
15
Putting Theory into Practice: Teaching Content Vocabulary Sight Words, Phonemic Awareness, and Phonics
212
14
Teaching Children to Increase Their Vocabulary
213
7
Inside Culturally and Academically Diverse Classrooms: Identifying Decoding Difficulties
220
2
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Assessments That Can Be Used for Testing Vocabulary, Decoding, and Structural Analysis Skills
222
1
Developing Technological Competencies: Electronic Books and Multimedia
223
3
Teachers as Continual Learners: Using Children's Literature Daily
226
115
Professional Development Activity: Reading Aloud Effectively
226
3
For Your Journal: Bookmaking
229
4
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: SSE (Sustained Silent Evenings)
233
1
Summary
234
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
234
7
Teaching Children to use Multiple Decoding Strategies
241
1
Theoretical Foundations: Teaching Students to Decode Using Beyond Word Clues
242
18
Reading and Writing Workshops, Grand Conversations, and Book Clubs
251
7
Guided Reading and the Four Blocks Approach
258
2
Putting Theory into Practice: Using Vocabulary and Decoding Strategies Simultaneously
260
12
Activities That Help Students Decode Independently
260
6
Integrating the Language Arts: Using Predictable and Pattern Books co Teach Decoding
266
2
Inside Culturally and Academically Diverse Classrooms: Remedial Readers
268
3
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Reading Checklists and Rubrics
271
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Improving Abilities to Teach Decoding Skills
272
15
Professional Development Activity: Managing Small Groups
272
1
For Your Journal: Reading Response Journals
272
4
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Providing Tutorial Assistance
276
1
Summary
277
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
277
4
Thematic Unit: Simulated City
281
6
Using Nonfictional and Fictional readings and Students' Writing to Increase Comprehension Abilities
287
46
Theoretical Foundations: Comprehension and Composing Needs
288
14
Comprehending and Composing
290
3
Emergent Literacy Reading and Writing Begin
293
3
Tilling the Text
296
5
Metacomprehension and Metacomposing Strategies
301
1
Putting Theory into Practice: Strategies to Improve Comprehension and Composing
302
19
Activities That Increase Comprehension and Composing Abilities
302
12
Integrating the Language Arts: Modeling a Literary Character's Comprehension and Composing Strategies
314
2
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Using Choral Reading and Singing to Nurture Ethnic Textures in Reading and Writing
316
3
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Students' Self Assessment of Comprehension and Composing Strategies
319
1
Developing Technological Competencies: Working in Pairs with Computers and Hypertext
319
2
Teachers as Continual Learners: Increasing Comprehension and Composing Abilities
321
12
Professional Development Activity: Conducting Effective Author Studies
322
3
For Your Journal: Interactive Journals
325
2
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Helping Parents Build Home Environments That Increase Their Children's Comprehension and Composing Abilities
327
1
Summary
328
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
328
5
The Writing Process and Writing Workshops
333
40
Theoretical Foundations: What Writing Does for Students
334
14
Benefits of Writing
335
2
Principles of Writing Instruction
337
1
Writing Development through the Grades
338
3
The Writing Process
341
7
Putting Theory into Practice: Increasing Students' Writing Abilities
348
10
Activities That Build Writing Abilities
349
4
Integrating the Language Arts: Modeling How to Create Memorable Characters
353
1
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Building Additional Bridges to Improve the Writing Abilities of Second-Language Learners and Bilingual Students
354
2
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Portfolios
356
2
Teachers as Continual Learners: Writing Development
358
15
Professional Development Activity: How to Conduct Effective Conferences and Discovery Discussions
360
1
For Your Journal: Buddy Journals
361
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Letter-Writing Activities
362
2
Summary
364
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
364
6
Thematic Unit: Teaching Mysteries to Increase Comprehension and Composing Abilities
370
3
Revising to clarify meaning
373
42
Theoretical Foundations: Students Need to Revise
374
11
Effective Grammar Instruction
374
5
Sentence-Combining Approach
379
3
Refining Meaning through Precise Word Choices
382
2
Revising Committees Approach
384
1
Putting Theory into Practice: Teaching Students How to Revise
385
20
Activities That Develop Revising Abilities
386
8
Integrating the Language Arts: SSR, SSW, SSE, and Author's Theatres to Build Grammatical Awareness
394
1
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Attention to Cultural Sensitivity in Stories
394
1
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Writing Rubrics
395
3
Developing Technological Competencies: Child Safety, Classroom Home Pages, and Grammar Resources on the Computer and Internet
398
7
Teachers as Continual Learners: Increasing Revising Abilities
405
10
Professional Development Activity: How to Teach Story Grammar
405
2
For Your Journal: Homework Journals
407
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Magazines That Publish Students' Writings
408
3
Summary
411
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
411
4
Spelling and Handwriting Instruction in the Language Arts Program
415
46
Theoretical Foundations: Why Teach Spelling and Penmanship?
416
23
Stages in Spelling Development
420
2
How to Teach Spelling, Capitalization, and Punctuation
422
9
How to Teach Handwriting
431
8
Putting Theory into Practice: Teaching Spelling, Writing Conventions, and Penmanship
439
7
Activities That Teach Writing Conventions
439
3
Integrating the Language Arts: Building Punctuation and Capitalization Skills
442
3
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Using Self Stick Notes to Aid Students with Special Needs
445
1
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Self-Assessments of Editing and Small-Group Discussions
445
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Increasing Editing Abilities
446
15
Professional Development Activity: Teaching Word Patterns
446
3
For Your Journal: Spelling Journals
449
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Taking Spelling into the Home
449
1
Summary
450
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
451
4
Thematic Unit: Integrating Language Arts with Social Studies, Nonfiction, and Children's Literature
455
6
Integrating Language Arts Across the Curriculum
461
40
Theoretical Foundations: The Need to Integrate Language Arts Literature and Content Area Instruction
462
14
Types of Integration
469
4
Integrating Each Day
473
3
Putting Theory into Practice: Using Integration to Teach Students to Think More Like Scientists, Mathematicians, Social Scientists, and Fine Artists
476
14
Integrating the Language Arts in Content Areas: Teaching Nonfiction
486
3
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Mentoring and Gifted Students
489
1
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Checklists and Group Assessments
490
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Increasing Your Abilities to Integrate
490
11
Professional Development Activity: Assessing Your Ability to Integrate
491
1
For Your Journal: Learning Logs
492
2
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Parents Building Their Child's Study Skills
494
1
Developing Technological Competencies: Inkspot's Writer's Resource
494
2
Summary
496
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
497
4
Increasing Creativity, Poetic and Dramatic Expression Abilities, and Visual Arts Skills
501
46
Theoretical Foundations: Why Students Need to Develop Creative Thinking and Viewing Abilities
502
4
Role of Creativity in the Language Arts
503
1
Need for Instruction
503
1
Advantages of Instruction
504
2
Putting Theory into Practice: How to Increase Students' Creativity and Viewing Abilities
506
27
Activities That Develop Creative Thinking Tools
506
5
Lessons That Expand Generative Thinking Processes
511
11
Integrating the Language Arts: How to Cultivate Student Poets and Why It Is Important to Do So
522
8
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Using Viewing co Increase Bilingual Students' Language Arts Abilities
530
1
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Assessing Creativity and Viewing Competencies
531
2
Teachers as Continual Learners: Increasing Students' Creativity
533
14
Professional Development Activity: How to Conduct Readers' Theatre
533
3
For Your Journal: Beginning Poetry Journals
536
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Providing Resources for Creativity
536
1
Summary
537
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
538
4
Thematic Unit: Teaching Poetry
542
5
Increasing Students' Thinking and Multicultural Understanding through the Language Arts Program
547
54
Theoretical Foundations: Students Need to Think Critically with a Multicultural Sensitivity
549
14
Approaches to Build Multicultural Sensitivity through the Language Arts
551
11
Meeting the Needs of English Language Learners
562
1
Putting Theory into Practice: Teaching Students How to Think at a High Level and How to Increase Their Multicultural Understanding
563
19
Integrating the Language Arts through Autobiographies and Biographies
576
3
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Activities That Strengthen Multicultural Learning
579
2
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: Culturally Biased Tests
581
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Reaching the Underserved
582
19
Professional Development Activity: Securing Additional Resources
583
6
For Your Journal: Think Pads and Diaries
589
2
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Bibliotherapy
591
1
Developing Technological Competencies: Online Computer Coaches
592
1
Summary
592
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
593
8
Assessment and Grading Options in the Language Arts Program
601
38
Theoretical Foundations: Students' Assessment Needs
603
7
Issues in Test Assessment
605
1
Standards for the Assessment of Language Arts
605
5
Putting Theory into Practice: New Assessment Tools
610
19
Anecdotal Records and Performance-Based Assessments
610
12
Transferring Practices into Grading Periods
622
3
Integrating the Language Arts: Completing Comprehensive Literacy Assessment
625
1
Inside Culturally Enriched Classrooms: Assessing Multiple Intelligences
625
1
Recognizing and Reporting Progress: An Overview of Assessment
626
2
The Language Arts Diagnostic Process: Phases of the Process
628
1
Teachers as Continual Learners: Improving Assessment Competencies
629
10
Professional Development Activity: Mid-Year and End-of Year Language Arts Program Evaluation
629
2
For Your Journal: Grading Journals
631
1
Connecting Classrooms, Parents, and Communities: Tools for Continual Professional Development
631
1
Summary
632
1
How to Do It: Using What You've Learned
632
4
Thematic Unit: Dare to Dream
636
3
Appendix
639
3
Answer Key
642
2
References
644
19
Index
663