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Tables of Contents for Tcp/Ip Illustrated
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xix
Introduction
1
30
Introduction
1
1
Source Code Presentation
1
2
History
3
2
Application Programming Interfaces
5
1
Example Program
5
2
System Calls and Library Functions
7
2
Network Implementation Overview
9
1
Descriptors
10
5
Mbufs (Memory Buffers) and Output Processing
15
4
Input Processing
19
3
Network Implementation Overview Revisited
22
1
Interrupt Levels and Concurrency
23
3
Source Code Organization
26
2
Test Network
28
1
Summary
29
2
Mbufs: Memory Buffers
31
32
Introduction
31
5
Code Introduction
36
1
Mbuf Definitions
37
1
mbuf Structure
38
2
Simple Mbuf Macros and Functions
40
4
m_devget and m_pullup Functions
44
7
Summary of Mbuf Macros and Functions
51
3
Summary of Net/3 Networking Data Structures
54
2
m_copy and Cluster Reference Counts
56
4
Alternatives
60
1
Summary
60
3
Interface Layer
63
32
Introduction
63
1
Code Introduction
64
1
ifnet Structure
65
8
ifaddr Structure
73
1
sockaddr Structure
74
2
ifnet and ifaddr Specialization
76
1
Network Initalization Overview
77
3
Ethernet Initialization
80
2
SLIP Initialization
82
3
Loopback Initialization
85
1
if_attach Function
85
8
ifinit Function
93
1
Summary
94
1
Interfaces: Ethernet
95
32
Introduction
95
1
Code Introduction
96
2
Ethernet Interface
98
16
ioctl System Call
114
11
Summary
125
2
Interfaces: SLIP and Loopback
127
28
Introduction
127
1
Code Introduction
127
1
SLIP Interface
128
22
Loopback Interface
150
3
Summary
153
2
IP Addressing
155
30
Introduction
155
3
Code Introduction
158
1
Interface and Address Summary
158
2
sockaddr_in Structure
160
1
in_ifaddr Structure
161
1
Address Assignment
161
16
Interface ioctl Processing
177
4
Internet Utility Functions
181
1
ifnet Utility Functions
182
1
Summary
183
2
Domains and Protocols
185
20
Introduction
185
1
Code Introduction
186
1
domain Structure
187
1
protosw Structure
188
3
IP domain and protosw Structures
191
5
pffindproto and pffindtype Functions
196
2
pfctlinput Function
198
1
IP Initalization
199
2
sysctl System Call
201
3
Summary
204
1
IP: Internet Protocol
205
42
Introduction
205
1
Code Introduction
206
4
IP Packets
210
2
Input Processing: ipintr Function
212
8
Forwarding: ip_forward Function
220
8
Output Processing: ip_output Function
228
6
Internet Checksum: in_cksum Function
234
5
setsockopt and getsockopt System Calls
239
5
ip_sysctl Function
244
1
Summary
245
2
IP Option Processing
247
28
Introduction
247
1
Code Introduction
247
1
Option Format
248
1
ip_dooptions Function
249
3
Record Route Option
252
2
Source and Record Route Options
254
7
Timestamp Option
261
4
ip_insertoptions Function
265
4
ip_pcopts Function
269
3
Limitations
272
1
Summary
272
3
IP Fragmentation and Reassembly
275
26
Introduction
275
2
Code Introduction
277
1
Fragmentation
278
4
ip_opt copy Function
282
1
Reassembly
283
3
ip_reass Function
286
12
ip_slowtimo Function
298
2
Summary
300
1
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
301
36
Introduction
301
4
Code Introduction
305
3
icmp Structure
308
1
ICMP protosw Structure
309
1
Input Processing: icmp_input Function
310
3
Error Processing
313
3
Request Processing
316
5
Redirect Processing
321
2
Reply Processing
323
1
Output Processing
324
1
icmp_error Function
324
4
icmp_reflect Function
328
5
icmp_send Function
333
1
icmp_systcl Function
334
1
Summary
335
2
IP Multicasting
337
44
Introduction
337
3
Code Introduction
340
1
Ethernet Multicast Addresses
341
1
ether_multi Structure
342
2
Ethernet Multicast Reception
344
1
in_multi Structure
345
2
ip_moptions Structure
347
1
Multicast Socket Options
348
1
Multicast TTL Values
348
3
ip_setmoptions Function
351
4
Joining and IP Multicast Group
355
11
Leaving an IP Multicast Group
366
5
ip_getmoptions Function
371
2
Multicast Input Processing: ipintr Function
373
2
Multicast Output Processing: ip_output Function
375
4
Performance Considerations
379
1
Summary
379
2
IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
381
16
Introduction
381
1
Code Introduction
382
2
igmp Structure
384
1
IGMP protosw Structure
384
2
Joining a Group: igmp_joingroup Function
386
1
igmp_fasttimo Function
387
4
Input Processing: igmp_input Function
391
4
Leaving a Group: igmp_leavegroup Function
395
1
Summary
396
1
IP Multicast Routing
397
38
Introduction
397
1
Code Introduction
398
1
Multicast Output Processing Revisited
399
2
mrouted Daemon
401
3
Virtual Interfaces
404
7
IGMP Revisited
411
5
Multicast Routing
416
8
Multicast Forwarding: ip_mforward Function
424
9
Cleanup: ip_mrouter_done Function
433
1
Summary
434
1
Socket Layer
435
40
Introduction
435
1
Code Introduction
436
1
socket Structure
437
4
System Calls
441
4
Processes, Descriptions, and Sockets
445
2
socket System Call
447
4
getsock and sockargs Functions
451
2
bind System Call
453
2
listen System Call
455
1
tsleep and wakeup Functions
456
1
accept System Call
457
4
sonewconn and soisconnected Functions
461
3
connect System Call
464
4
shutdown System Call
468
3
close System Call
471
3
Summary
474
1
Socket I/O
475
62
Introduction
475
1
Code Introduction
475
1
Socket Buffers
476
4
write, writev, sendto, and sendmsg System Calls
480
3
sendmsg System Call
483
2
sendit Function
485
4
sesoend Function
489
11
read, readv, recvfrom, and recvmsg System Calls
500
1
recvmsg System Call
501
2
recvit Function
503
2
soreceive Function
505
5
soreceive Code
510
14
select System Call
524
10
Summary
534
3
Socket Options
537
22
Introduction
537
1
Code Introduction
538
1
setsockopt System Call
539
6
getsockopt System Call
545
3
fcntl and ioctl System Calls
548
6
getsockname System Call
554
1
getpeername System Call
554
3
Summary
557
2
Radix Tree Routing Tables
559
42
Introduction
559
1
Routing Table Structure
560
9
Routing Sockets
569
1
Code Introduction
570
3
Radix Node Data Structures
573
5
Routing Structures
578
3
Intialization: route_init and rtable_init Functions
581
3
Initialization: rn_init and rn_inithead Functions
584
3
Duplicate Keys and Mask Lists
587
4
rn_match Function
591
8
rn_search Function
599
1
Summary
599
2
Routing Requests and Routing Messages
601
44
Introduction
601
1
rtalloc and rtalloc1 Functions
601
3
RTFREE Macro and rtfree Function
604
3
rtrequest Function
607
5
rt_setgate Function
612
3
rtinit Function
615
2
rtredirect Function
617
4
Routing Message Structures
621
4
rt_missmsg Function
625
2
rt_ifmsg Function
627
1
rt_newaddrmsg Function
628
2
rt_msg1 Function
630
2
rt_msg2 Function
632
3
sysct1_rtable Function
635
5
sysct1_dumpentry Function
640
2
sysctl_iflist Function
642
2
Summary
644
1
Routing Sockets
645
30
Introduction
645
1
routedomain and protosw Structures
646
1
Routing control Blocks
647
1
raw_init Function
647
1
route_output Function
648
12
rt_xaddrs Function
660
1
rt_setmetrics Function
661
1
raw_input Function
662
2
route_usrreq Function
664
2
raw_usrreq Function
666
5
raw_attach, raw_detach, and raw_disconnect Functions
671
1
Summary
672
3
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
675
38
Introduction
675
1
ARP and the Routing Table
675
3
Code Introduction
678
3
ARP Structures
681
2
arpwhohas Function
683
1
arprequest Function
684
3
arpintr Function
687
1
in_arpinput Function
688
6
ARP Timer Functions
694
2
arpresolve Function
696
5
arplookup Function
701
2
Proxy ARP
703
1
arp_rtrequest Function
704
6
ARP and Multicasting
710
1
Summary
711
2
Protocol Control Blocks
713
42
Introduction
713
2
Code Introduction
715
1
inpcb Structure
716
1
in_pcballoc and in_pcbdetach Functions
717
2
Binding, Connecting, and Demultiplexing
719
5
in_pcblookup Function
724
4
in_pcbbind Function
728
7
in_pcbconnect Function
735
6
in_pcbdisconnect Function
741
1
in_setsockaddr and in_setpeeraddr Functions
741
1
in_pcbnotify, in_rtchange, and in_losing Functions
742
8
Implementation Refinements
750
1
Summary
751
4
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
755
40
Introduction
755
1
Code Introduction
755
3
UDP protosw Structure
758
1
UDP Header
759
1
udp_init Function
760
1
udp_output Function
760
9
udp_input Function
769
12
udp_saveopt Function
781
1
udp_ctlinput Function
782
2
udp_usrreq Function
784
6
udp_sysctl Function
790
1
Implementation Refinements
791
2
Summary
793
2
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
795
22
Introduction
795
1
Code Introduction
795
6
TCP protosw Structure
801
1
TCP Header
801
2
TCP Control Block
803
2
TCP State Transition Diagram
805
2
TCP Sequence Numbers
807
5
tcp_init Function
812
3
Summary
815
2
TCP Timers
817
34
Introduction
817
2
Code Introduction
819
2
tcp_canceltimers Function
821
1
tcp_fasttimo Function
821
1
tcp_slowtimo Function
822
2
tcp_timers Function
824
7
Retransmission Timer Calculations
831
2
tcp_newtcpcb Function
833
2
tcp_setpersist Function
835
1
tcp_xmit_timer Function
836
5
Retransmission Timeout: tcp_timers Function
841
5
An RTT Example
846
2
Summary
848
3
TCP Output
851
40
Introduction
851
1
tcp_output overview
852
1
Determine if a Segment Should be Sent
852
12
TCP Options
864
2
Window Scale Option
866
1
Timestamp Option
866
5
Send a Segment
871
13
tcp_template Function
884
1
tcp_respond Function
885
3
Summary
888
3
TCP Functions
891
32
Introduction
891
1
tcp_drain Function
892
1
tcp_drop Function
892
1
tcp_close Function
893
4
tcp_mss Function
897
7
tcp_ctlinput Function
904
1
tcp_notify Function
904
2
tcp_quench Function
906
1
TCP_REASS Macro and tcp_reass Function
906
10
tcp_trace Function
916
4
Summary
920
3
TCP Input
923
44
Introduction
923
2
Preliminary Processing
925
8
tcp_dooptions Function
933
1
Header Prediction
934
7
TCP Input: Slow Path Processing
941
1
Initiation of Passive Open, Completion of Active Open
942
9
PAWS: Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers
951
3
Trim Segment so Data is Within Window
954
6
Self-Connects and Simultaneous Opens
960
3
Record Timestamp
963
1
RST Processing
963
2
Summary
965
2
TCP Input (Continued)
967
40
Introduction
967
1
ACK Processing Overview
967
1
Completion of Passive Opens and Simultaneous Opens
967
3
Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery Algorithms
970
4
ACK Processing
974
7
Update Window Information
981
2
Urgent Mode Processing
983
3
tcp_pulloutofband Function
986
2
Processing of Received Data
988
2
FIN Processing
990
2
Final Processing
992
2
Implementation Refinements
994
1
Header Compression
995
9
Summary
1004
3
TCP User Requests
1007
20
Introduction
1007
1
tcp_usrreq Function
1007
11
tcp_attach Function
1018
1
tcp_disconnect Function
1019
2
tcp_usrclosed Function
1021
1
tcp_ctloutput Function
1022
3
Summary
1025
2
BPF: BSD Packet Filter
1027
22
Introduction
1027
1
Code Introduction
1028
1
bpf_if Structure
1029
3
bpf_d Structure
1032
8
BPF Input
1040
6
BPF Output
1046
1
Summary
1047
2
Raw IP
1049
18
Introduction
1049
1
Code Introduction
1050
1
Raw IP protosw Structure
1051
2
rip_init Function
1053
1
rip_input Function
1053
3
rip_output Function
1056
2
rip_usrreq Function
1058
5
rip_ctloutput Function
1063
2
Summary
1065
2
Epilogue
1067
2
Appendix A. Solutions to Selected Exercises
1069
24
Appendix B. Source Code Availability
1093
4
Appendix C. RFC 1122 Compliance
1097
28
C.1 Link-Layer Requirements
1097
1
C.2 IP Requirements
1098
4
C.3 IP Options Requirements
1102
2
C.4 IP Fragmentation and Reassembly Requirements
1104
1
C.5 ICMP Requirements
1105
5
C.6 Multicasting Requirements
1110
1
C.7 IGMP Requirements
1111
1
C.8 Routing Requirements
1111
2
C.9 ARP Requirements
1113
1
C.10 UDP Requirements
1113
2
C.11 TCP Requirements
1115
10
Bibliography
1125
Index
1113