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Tables of Contents for Introduction to Thermal Physics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Part I: Fundamentals
Energy in Thermal Physics
1
48
Thermal Equilibrium
1
5
The Ideal Gas
6
8
Microscopic Model of an Ideal Gas
Equipartition of Energy
14
3
Heat and Work
17
3
Compression Work
20
8
Compression of an Ideal Gas
Heat Capacities
28
9
Latent Heat; Enthalpy
Rates of Processes
37
12
Heat Conduction; Conductivity of an Ideal Gas; Viscosity; Diffusion
The Second Law
49
36
Two-State Systems
49
4
The Two-State Paramagnet
The Einstein Model of a Solid
53
3
Interacting Systems
56
4
Large Systems
60
8
Very Large Numbers; Stirling's Approximation; Multiplicity of a Large Einstein Solid; Sharpness of the Multiplicity Function
The Ideal Gas
68
6
Multiplicity of a Monatomic Ideal Gas; Interacting Ideal Gases
Entropy
74
11
Entropy of an Ideal Gas; Entropy of Mixing; Reversible and Irreversible Processes
Interactions and Implications
85
37
Temperature
85
7
A Silly Analogy; Real-World Examples
Entropy and Heat
92
6
Predicting Heat Capacities; Measuring Entropies; The Macroscopic View of Entropy
Paramagnetism
98
10
Notation and Microscopic Physics; Numerical Solution; Analytic Solution
Mechanical Equilibrium and Pressure
108
7
The Thermodynamic Identity; Entropy and Heat Revisited
Diffusive Equilibrium and Chemical Potential
115
5
Summary and a Look Ahead
120
2
Part II: Thermodynamics
Engines and Refrigerators
122
27
Heat Engines
122
5
The Carnot Cycle
Refrigerators
127
4
Real Heat Engines
131
6
Internal Combustion Engines; The Steam Engine
Real Refrigerators
137
12
The Throttling Process; Liquefaction of Gases; Toward Absolute Zero
Free Energy and Chemical Thermodynamics
149
71
Free Energy as Available Work
149
12
Electrolysis, Fuel Cells, and Batteries; Thermodynamic Identities
Free Energy as a Force toward Equilibrium
161
5
Extensive and Intensive Quantities; Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential
Phase Transformations of Pure Substances
166
20
Diamonds and Graphite; The Clausius-Clapeyron Relation; The van der Waals Model
Phase Transformations of Mixtures
186
14
Free Energy of a Mixture; Phase Changes of a Miscible Mixture; Phase Changes of a Eutectic System
Dilute Solutions
200
8
Solvent and Solute Chemical Potentials; Osmotic Pressure; Boiling and Freezing Points
Chemical Equilibrium
208
12
Nitrogen Fixation; Dissociation of Water; Oxygen Dissolving in Water; Ionization of Hydrogen
Part III: Statistical Mechanics
Boltzmann Statistics
220
37
The Boltzmann Factor
220
9
The Partition Function; Thermal Excitation of Atoms
Average Values
229
9
Paramagnetism; Rotation of Diatomic Molecules
The Equipartition Theorem
238
4
The Maxwell Speed Distribution
242
5
Partition Functions and Free Energy
247
2
Partition Functions for Composite Systems
249
2
Ideal Gas Revisited
251
6
The Partition Function; Predictions
Quantum Statistics
257
70
The Gibbs Factor
257
5
An Example: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Bosons and Fermions
262
9
The Distribution Functions
Degenerate Fermi Gases
271
17
Zero Temperature; Small Nonzero Temperatures; The Density of States; The Sommerfeld Expansion
Blackbody Radiation
288
19
The Ultraviolet Catastrophe; The Planck Distribution; Photons; Summing over Modes; The Planck Spectrum; Total Energy; Entropy of a Photon Gas; The Cosmic Background Radiation; Photons Escaping through a Hole; Radiation from Other Objects; The Sun and the Earth
Debye Theory of Solids
307
8
Bose-Einstein Condensation
315
12
Real-World Examples; Why Does it Happen?
Systems of Interacting Particles
327
30
Weakly Interacting Gases
328
11
The Partition Function; The Cluster Expansion; The Second Virial Coefficient
The Ising Model of a Ferromagnet
339
18
Exact Solution in One Dimension; The Mean Field Approximation; Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix A Elements of Quantum Mechanics
357
27
A.1 Evidence for Wave-Particle Duality
357
5
The Photoelectric Effect; Electron Diffraction
A.2 Wavefunctions
362
5
The Uncertainty Principle; Linearly Independent Wavefunctions
A.3 Definite-Energy Wavefunctions
367
7
The Particle in a Box; The Harmonic Oscillator; The Hydrogen Atom
A.4 Angular Momentum
374
5
Rotating Molecules; Spin
A.5 Systems of Many Particles
379
1
A.6 Quantum Field Theory
380
4
Appendix B Mathematical Results
384
13
B.1 Gaussian Integrals
384
3
B.2 The Gamma Function
387
2
B.3 Stirling's Approximation
389
2
B.4 Area of a d-Dimensional Hypersphere
391
2
B.5 Integrals of Quantum Statistics
393
4
Suggested Reading
397
5
Reference Data
402
4
Index
406