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Tables of Contents for Peasants Versus City-Dwellers
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO ISSUES AND METHODOLOGY
Introduction
3
12
Normative versus Positive Analysis
4
1
Analysis under Limited Data Availability
5
1
Policy and Political Economy
6
1
General-Equilibrium Analysis
7
1
The Structure of the Book
8
2
The Nature of the Results
10
2
Some Remarks on the Role of Theory
12
3
The Objectives And Instruments Of Government Policy And The Structure Of The Economy in LDCs
15
12
Stated Objectives of Food-Related Policies
15
2
Putting Agricultural Policies in Perspective
17
4
Other Policy Instruments
17
1
Limitations on Government Policy
18
2
Equivalence of Different Policies
20
1
The Economic Structure of LDCs
21
5
The Importance of Agriculture and the Dual Economy
21
1
Market Imperfections
22
1
The Rural Sector
23
1
Investible Surplus, Private Investment, and Government Consumption
24
1
Openness of the Economy
25
1
Concluding Remarks
26
1
An Approach To Applied Welfare Economics
27
12
Introduction
27
1
Theoretical Background
27
3
General-Equilibrium Analysis
27
1
Pigouvian Welfare Economics and Optimal Taxation
28
1
The New Welfare Economics
29
1
New New Welfare Economics
29
1
Applied Welfare Economics for LDCs
30
9
Limited Taxation
30
3
General-Equilibrium Effects
33
1
Institutions
33
1
Inter-Personal Welfare Comparisons
34
5
PART II: INTER-SECTORAL TAXATION POLICIES
Rural-Urban Prices In Open Economies
39
20
Introduction
39
3
A Simple Model
42
3
Agricultural Sector
42
1
Industrial Sector
43
1
Investible Surplus
44
1
Analysis of Changes in Agricultural and Industrial Prices
45
10
Pareto-Improving Price Reforms
45
3
Welfare-Enhancing Price Reforms
48
2
Egalitarian Price Reforms
50
2
Optimal Prices
52
1
Implicit Tax-Rate
53
1
Reform Analysis versus Optimal Pricing
54
1
Price-Productivity Effects
55
4
Appendix
57
1
Agricultural Sector
57
1
Industrial Sector
58
1
Investible Surplus
58
1
The Price Scissors In Open Economies
59
6
Introduction
59
1
Effects on the Investible Surplus of Changes in the Price Scissors
60
2
Welfare Effects of Changing the Price Scissors
62
1
Optimal Price Scissors
63
1
Concluding Remarks
64
1
The Price Scissors in Closed And Partially Closed Socialist Economies
65
18
Introduction
65
1
The Model
66
7
The Adjustment of Wages in Response to Price Changes
67
1
The Effect on Individuals' Welfare
68
1
The Effect on Productivity
69
2
The Effect on the Investible Surplus
71
1
The Consequences of a Higher Price Elasticity of the Agricultural Surplus
72
1
Reform in the Price Scissors
73
2
Optimal Price Scissors
75
4
An Interpretation in Terms of the Tax-or Subsidy-Rate
75
3
Alternative Characterizations
78
1
Economies with Traded and Non-Traded Goods
79
2
Concluding Remarks
81
2
Appendix
82
1
The Soviet Industrialization Debate and Collectivization
83
12
Introduction
83
1
Preobrazhensky's Propositions
84
3
First Proposition
85
1
Second Proposition
86
1
The Fundamental Law of Primitive Socialist Accumulation
87
1
The Correct Size of the Price Scissors
87
1
Collectivization
88
1
A Postscript on the Soviet Debate
89
6
PART III: THE RURAL SECTOR
Income Distribution And Alternative Organizational Forms Within The Rural Sector
95
15
Introduction
95
1
Distributional Effects
96
7
Elasticity of the Rural Wage
98
1
Normative Analysis
99
3
Non-Taxable Goods
102
1
Alternative Forms of Rural Organization
103
3
Extended-Family Farming
103
1
Share-Cropping
104
2
Effects of Wages and Prices on Rural Productivity
106
2
Plantations
106
2
Selectivity in Employment
108
1
Concluding Remarks
108
2
Taxes and Subsidies on Different Goods in the Rural Sector
110
17
Introduction
110
2
A General Formulation
112
2
Informationally Parsimonious Pareto-Improving Price Reforms for Cash-Crops and Manufactured Inputs
114
4
Should Some Cash-Crops or Manufactured Inputs be Taxed and Others Subsidized?
118
1
Some Caveats
119
8
Market Imperfection
119
1
Technological Change
120
1
Appendix
121
6
PART IV: THE URBAN SECTOR
The Impact Of Urban Wage And Employment Determination On Taxation Policies
127
18
Introduction
127
2
A General Formulation of Urban Wage-Determination
129
2
Three Special Cases
130
1
The Effects on Taxation Analysis
131
1
Urban--Rural Prices with an Endogenous Urban Wage
131
4
Optimal Prices
134
1
Price Scissors with Endogenous Wages
135
2
Optimal Price Scissors
136
1
Endogenous Urban Wage versus Government-Controlled Urban Wage: Which is the Appropriate Assumption for LDCs?
137
2
Note on the Urban Wage Fixed in Terms of the Utility Level
139
1
Urban Unemployment
140
5
A General Formulation
140
3
The Consequences of Tax-Induced Effects on Urban Unemployment
143
2
Some Aspects of the Wage-Productivity Hypothesis That Are Relevant For Taxation Analysis
145
11
Introduction
145
2
Why Do Wages and Prices Affect Productivity?
147
3
A Model of Wages, Prices, Productivity, and Unemployment
150
6
Special Cases
152
1
A More General Model
153
1
An Aspect of Taxation Analysis
154
2
Taxes and Subsidies On Different Goods In The Urban Sector
156
9
Introduction
156
2
A General Formulation
158
4
Productivity Effects
158
1
Characterization of the Optimum
159
1
Ramsey Case
160
1
Urban Wages Fixed in Terms of the Utility Level
160
1
Unemployment Effects
161
1
Generalizations
162
3
Variable Hours of Work in the Urban Sector
162
1
Heterogeneity within the Urban Sector
163
1
Appendix
164
1
Tax Policy In The Presence Of Migration And Urban Unemployment
165
16
Introduction
165
1
The General Migration Relationship
166
4
The Generalized Harris--Todaro Hypothesis
167
1
The Opportunity Cost of Urban Unemployment
168
2
Rural--Urban Prices
170
6
Rural Prices
171
2
The Harris--Todaro Migration Hypothesis
173
1
Urban Prices
173
2
Related Issues
175
1
Pareto-Efficient Urban Taxes on Different Goods
176
2
Concluding Remarks
178
3
Appendix
179
2
Taxation In The Urban Sector: Some Aspects Of The Underlying Model
181
11
Introduction
181
1
A General Model of the Urban Sector
182
4
The Analysis of Taxation
184
2
Inefficiency of Market Equilibrium
186
1
Interdependence of Demand and Supply of Urban Labour
187
4
Effects of Price Changes
191
1
Concluding Remarks
191
1
The Social Cost of Labour
192
11
Introduction
192
1
The Model
193
4
The Shadow Wage
194
2
Interpretation of the Shadow Wage
196
1
Special Cases
197
4
Migration Equals Employment Creation
198
1
Endogenous Migration: The Harris--Todaro Migration Hypothesis
199
2
Concluding Remarks
201
2
Concluding Remarks
203
6
Some Key Issues
203
4
Political Economy Considerations
207
1
The Policy Predicament
208
1
References
209
8
Index
217
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