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Tables of Contents for Peasants Versus City-Dwellers
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO ISSUES AND METHODOLOGY
Normative versus Positive Analysis
4
1
Analysis under Limited Data Availability
5
1
Policy and Political Economy
6
1
General-Equilibrium Analysis
7
1
The Structure of the Book
8
2
The Nature of the Results
10
2
Some Remarks on the Role of Theory
12
3
The Objectives And Instruments Of Government Policy And The Structure Of The Economy in LDCs
15
12
Stated Objectives of Food-Related Policies
15
2
Putting Agricultural Policies in Perspective
17
4
Other Policy Instruments17
1
Limitations on Government Policy18
2
Equivalence of Different Policies20
1
The Economic Structure of LDCs
21
5
The Importance of Agriculture and the Dual Economy21
1
Market Imperfections22
1
The Rural Sector23
1
Investible Surplus, Private Investment, and Government Consumption24
1
Openness of the Economy25
1
An Approach To Applied Welfare Economics
27
12
Theoretical Background
27
3
General-Equilibrium Analysis27
1
Pigouvian Welfare Economics and Optimal Taxation28
1
The New Welfare Economics29
1
New New Welfare Economics29
1
Applied Welfare Economics for LDCs
30
9
Limited Taxation30
3
General-Equilibrium Effects33
1
Institutions33
1
Inter-Personal Welfare Comparisons34
5
PART II: INTER-SECTORAL TAXATION POLICIES
Rural-Urban Prices In Open Economies
39
20
Agricultural Sector42
1
Industrial Sector43
1
Investible Surplus44
1
Analysis of Changes in Agricultural and Industrial Prices
45
10
Pareto-Improving Price Reforms45
3
Welfare-Enhancing Price Reforms48
2
Egalitarian Price Reforms50
2
Optimal Prices52
1
Implicit Tax-Rate53
1
Reform Analysis versus Optimal Pricing54
1
Price-Productivity Effects
55
4
Appendix57
1
Agricultural Sector57
1
Industrial Sector58
1
Investible Surplus58
1
The Price Scissors In Open Economies
59
6
Effects on the Investible Surplus of Changes in the Price Scissors
60
2
Welfare Effects of Changing the Price Scissors
62
1
Optimal Price Scissors
63
1
The Price Scissors in Closed And Partially Closed Socialist Economies
65
18
The Adjustment of Wages in Response to Price Changes67
1
The Effect on Individuals' Welfare68
1
The Effect on Productivity69
2
The Effect on the Investible Surplus71
1
The Consequences of a Higher Price Elasticity of the Agricultural Surplus72
1
Reform in the Price Scissors
73
2
Optimal Price Scissors
75
4
An Interpretation in Terms of the Tax-or Subsidy-Rate75
3
Alternative Characterizations78
1
Economies with Traded and Non-Traded Goods
79
2
Appendix82
1
The Soviet Industrialization Debate and Collectivization
83
12
Preobrazhensky's Propositions
84
3
First Proposition85
1
Second Proposition86
1
The Fundamental Law of Primitive Socialist Accumulation87
1
The Correct Size of the Price Scissors
87
1
A Postscript on the Soviet Debate
89
6
PART III: THE RURAL SECTOR
Income Distribution And Alternative Organizational Forms Within The Rural Sector
95
15
Distributional Effects
96
7
Elasticity of the Rural Wage98
1
Normative Analysis99
3
Non-Taxable Goods102
1
Alternative Forms of Rural Organization
103
3
Extended-Family Farming103
1
Share-Cropping104
2
Effects of Wages and Prices on Rural Productivity
106
2
Plantations106
2
Selectivity in Employment108
1
Taxes and Subsidies on Different Goods in the Rural Sector
110
17
A General Formulation
112
2
Informationally Parsimonious Pareto-Improving Price Reforms for Cash-Crops and Manufactured Inputs
114
4
Should Some Cash-Crops or Manufactured Inputs be Taxed and Others Subsidized?
118
1
Market Imperfection119
1
Technological Change120
1
Appendix121
6
PART IV: THE URBAN SECTOR
The Impact Of Urban Wage And Employment Determination On Taxation Policies
127
18
A General Formulation of Urban Wage-Determination
129
2
Three Special Cases130
1
The Effects on Taxation Analysis131
1
Urban--Rural Prices with an Endogenous Urban Wage
131
4
Optimal Prices134
1
Price Scissors with Endogenous Wages
135
2
Optimal Price Scissors136
1
Endogenous Urban Wage versus Government-Controlled Urban Wage: Which is the Appropriate Assumption for LDCs?
137
2
Note on the Urban Wage Fixed in Terms of the Utility Level
139
1
A General Formulation140
3
The Consequences of Tax-Induced Effects on Urban Unemployment143
2
Some Aspects of the Wage-Productivity Hypothesis That Are Relevant For Taxation Analysis
145
11
Why Do Wages and Prices Affect Productivity?
147
3
A Model of Wages, Prices, Productivity, and Unemployment
150
6
Special Cases152
1
A More General Model153
1
An Aspect of Taxation Analysis154
2
Taxes and Subsidies On Different Goods In The Urban Sector
156
9
A General Formulation
158
4
Productivity Effects158
1
Characterization of the Optimum159
1
Ramsey Case160
1
Urban Wages Fixed in Terms of the Utility Level160
1
Unemployment Effects161
1
Variable Hours of Work in the Urban Sector162
1
Heterogeneity within the Urban Sector163
1
Appendix164
1
Tax Policy In The Presence Of Migration And Urban Unemployment
165
16
The General Migration Relationship
166
4
The Generalized Harris--Todaro Hypothesis167
1
The Opportunity Cost of Urban Unemployment168
2
Rural Prices171
2
The Harris--Todaro Migration Hypothesis173
1
Urban Prices173
2
Related Issues175
1
Pareto-Efficient Urban Taxes on Different Goods
176
2
Appendix179
2
Taxation In The Urban Sector: Some Aspects Of The Underlying Model
181
11
A General Model of the Urban Sector
182
4
The Analysis of Taxation184
2
Inefficiency of Market Equilibrium
186
1
Interdependence of Demand and Supply of Urban Labour
187
4
Effects of Price Changes191
1
The Social Cost of Labour
192
11
The Shadow Wage194
2
Interpretation of the Shadow Wage196
1
Migration Equals Employment Creation198
1
Endogenous Migration: The Harris--Todaro Migration Hypothesis199
2
Political Economy Considerations
207
1
The Policy Predicament
208
1
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