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Tables of Contents for Education and Development
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART I. INTRODUCTION
Measuring the Returns to Education
3
16
Overview
3
1
Recent Advances in Measuring Education Outcomes
4
1
Endogenous Development Defined
5
2
Education and Development: Other Recent Work
7
2
The Conceptual Framework
9
1
The Framework for Endogenous Development
10
4
Uses for the Conceptual Framework and the Results
14
5
PART II. ECONOMIC GROWTH
Human Capital, Endogenous Growth Models, and Economic Development
19
15
Human Capital in Economic Growth Models
20
1
Endogenous Growth and Related Research
21
1
The Production Function
22
4
Investment and Saving Rates
26
5
Population Growth Rates
31
2
Endogenous Growth and Endogenous Development
33
1
Education and Growth in East Asia
34
18
The Reduced-Form Production Function
35
1
Investment and Enrolment by Levels: Definitions and Data Sources
36
2
Empirical Results: Econometric Properties
38
4
Impacts of Education on Growth
42
2
Determinants of Investment Rates: Feedback Effects
44
3
Feedback Effects and Simultaneity
47
1
Other Factors, Including Controls
48
1
Conclusions
49
3
Education and Growth in Latin America
52
16
The Reduced-Form Production Function
53
2
Properties of the Growth Estimates for LAC
55
3
Empirical Determinants of Growth in Latin America
58
4
Investment in Physical Capital and Total Saving
62
3
International Trade Impacts
65
1
Conclusion: Tracing the Impacts of Education on Growth in Latin America
66
2
Africa's Population Growth and Dilution of Human Capital (with Ali Arifa)
68
13
Current and Simulated Future Per Capita Economic Growth
69
2
Education and Per Capita Growth in Africa
71
4
Investment in Physical Capital for Faster Growth
75
1
Population Growth, Capital Dilution, and Slower Growth
75
1
Conclusions and Development Strategies
76
5
PART III. MEASURING THE NON-MONETARY BENEFITS
Health and Net Population Growth
81
11
The Conceptual Framework: An Overview
82
1
Health Effects: Infant Mortality
83
2
Health Effects: Life Expectancy
85
1
Population Effects via Fertility Rates
86
2
Net Population Growth Rates
88
2
Alternative Direct Estimates
90
1
Conclusions
91
1
Democracy Human Rights, and Political Stability
92
19
The Conceptual Framework
94
2
Determinants of Democracy
96
5
Human Rights
101
4
Political Stability
105
4
Conclusions
109
2
Poverty and Inequality
111
14
Poverty Reduction: The Conceptual Framework
112
3
Rural Poverty
115
2
Urban Poverty
117
2
Income Inequality
119
2
Empirical Determinants of Inequality
121
2
Distributive Justice
123
1
Conclusions
124
1
The Environment
125
16
The Conceptual Framework
126
2
Deforestation and the Destruction of Wildlife
128
5
Water Pollution
133
3
Air Pollution
136
3
Conclusions
139
2
Education and Crime
141
14
Background and Structural Rationale
142
1
The Determinants of Violent Crime
143
4
The Determinants of Property Crime
147
4
Summary and Conclusions
151
4
PART IV. THE COMPLETE MODEL: EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Tracing The Impacts of Education on Development: A Summary
155
24
Measuring Market-Based Returns to Education in Growth Models
155
3
Effects of Education on Economic Growth by Region
158
4
The Education Sector in the Complete Model
162
5
Investment in Education, Access, and Education Reforms
167
3
Summary of the Non-market Marginal Products of Education by Sector
170
7
Conclusions
177
2
Measuring the Total Social Benefits of Education: The Complete Model
179
48
Endogenous Development: Continuing Current Policies
180
5
Education Policy Changes and Measurement of Net Effects
185
1
Latin America
186
7
East and South Asia
193
15
Africa
208
6
OECD Member Countries
214
13
Separating and Valuing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Education
227
34
The Conceptual Framework for Separation of Direct and Indirect Effects
227
4
Empirical Measures of Direct and Indirect Effects on Growth by Region
231
11
Direct and Indirect Effects on Non-market Outcomes
242
4
Valuing the Impacts of Education
246
2
Social Rates of Return
248
4
Cost-Based Valuation of Non-monetary Benefits
252
1
Optimal Efficiency in Expenditure/Taxation Levels
253
1
Valuing Distributional Effects via a Bergson Welfare Function
254
2
Valuation of Outcomes by Political Decision Processes
256
3
Conclusions
259
2
Summary of Conclusions: Measuring the Social Benefits, Convergence, and Policy Dialogue
261
9
Endogenous Development in Retrospect
261
2
Conditional Convergence?
263
2
Measurement of the Social Benefits of Education
265
1
The Cost-Effectiveness of Non-market Returns
266
1
Valuation of Non-market Outcomes
266
1
Measurement of Externalities and Distributional Effects
267
1
Policy Dialogue as a Development Strategy
268
2
Conclusion
270
3
Bibliography
273
12
Index
285