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Tables of Contents for Foundations of Language
PART I PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
The Complexity of Linguistic Structure
3
16
The structure of a simple sentence
5
2
Semantic/conceptual and spatial structure
11
2
Anaphora and unbounded dependencies
15
4
Language as a Mental Phenomenon
19
19
What do we mean by ``mental''?
19
4
How to interpret linguistic notation mentally
23
4
Competence versus performance
29
5
Language in a social context (all too briefly)
34
4
The need for an f-mental grammar
38
2
41
4
Derivational (transformational) rules45
3
Constraints48
3
Lexical formation rules51
2
Lexical redundancy rules53
1
Inheritance hierarchies54
1
What are rules of grammar?
55
3
Four challenges for cognitive neuroscience
58
10
58
3
The Problem of 261
3
The problem of variables64
1
Binding in working memory vs. long-term memory65
3
The logic of the argument
68
3
Getting the hypothesis right
71
3
Substantive universals, repertorie of rule types, and architectural universals
77
1
The balance of linguistic and more general capacities
78
4
The poverty of the stimulus; the Paradox of Language Acquisition
82
5
Poverty of the stimulus in word learning
87
3
How Universal Grammar can be related to genetics
90
4
Evidence outside linguistic structure for Universal Grammar/Language Acquisition Device
94
7
94
1
Characteristic timing of acquisition95
2
Dissociations97
2
Language creation99
2
Summary of factors involved in the theory of Universal Grammar
101
6
PART II ARCHITECTURAL FOUNDATIONS
The Parallel Architecture
107
45
Introduction to Part II
107
1
A short history of syntactocentrism
107
4
Tiers and interfaces in phonology
111
7
Semantics as a generative system
123
2
The tripartite theory and some variants
125
5
The lexicon and lexical licensing
130
2
Introduction to argument structure
132
6
How much of syntactic argument structure can be predicted from semantics?
138
11
139
1
Category of syntactic arguments140
2
Position of syntactic arguments142
2
Locality of syntactic arguments, and exceptions144
5
A tier for grammatical functions?
149
3
Lexical Storage versus Online Construction
152
44
Lexical items versus words
152
2
Lexical items smaller than words
154
9
155
3
Semiproductive morphology158
2
The necessity of a heterogeneous theory160
3
Psycholinguistic considerations
163
2
The status of lexical redundancy rules
165
2
A class of constructional idioms
172
6
Generalizing the notion of construction
178
5
The status of inheritance hierarchies
183
4
Issues of acquisition
187
3
Universal Grammar as a set of attractors
190
4
Appendix: Remarks on HPSG and Construction Grammar
194
2
Implications for Processing
196
35
The parallel compeetence architecture forms a basis for a processing architecture
196
4
How the competence model can constrain theories of processing
200
5
Remarks on working memory
205
2
More about lexical access
207
11
207
2
Priming209
2
Lexical access in production211
4
Speech errors and tip-of-the-tongue states215
2
Syntactic priming217
1
Structure-constrained modularity
218
13
218
3
Interface modules are how integrative modules talk to each other221
2
The ``bi-domain specificity'' of interface modules223
4
Multiple inputs and outputs on the same ``blackboard''227
1
Informational encapsulation among levels of structure228
3
An Evolutionary Perspective on the Architecture
231
36
Bickerton's proposal and auxiliary assumptions
235
3
Open class of symbols
241
1
A generative system for single symbols: protophonology
242
3
Concatenation of symbols to build larger utterances
245
1
Using linear position to signal semantic relations
246
6
Vocabulary for relational concepts
253
4
Grammatical categories and the ``basic body plan'' of syntax
257
2
Morphology and grammatical functions
259
2
Universal Grammar as a toolkit again
261
6
PART III SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
Semantics as a Mentalistic Enterprise
267
27
Introduction to part III
267
1
Semantics vis-a-vis mainstream generative grammar
268
3
Meaning and its interfaces
271
4
Chomsky and Fodor on semantics
275
5
Some ``contextualist'' approaches to meaning
280
1
Is there a specifically linguistic semantics?
281
4
Four non-ways to separate linguistic semantics from conceptualization
285
9
285
2
Logical vs. nonlogical semantic properties287
2
Grammatically realized vs. grammatically irrelevant content289
2
Language-specific semantics implying a special linguistic semantics291
3
Problems with the common-sense view: ``language''
295
5
Problems with the common-sense view: ``objects''
300
3
Pushing ``the world'' into the mind
303
3
A simple act of deictic reference
306
4
The functional correlates of consciousness
310
4
Application to theory of reference
314
1
Entities other than objects
315
3
Proper names, kinds, and abstract objects
318
6
318
1
Kinds319
3
Abstract objects322
2
Satisfaction and truth
324
5
Objectivity, error, and the role of the community
329
4
Boundary conditions on theories of lexical meaning
333
1
The prospects for decomposition into primitives
334
5
Contributions from perceptual modalities
345
5
Other than necessary and sufficient conditions
350
6
351
1
``Cluster'' concepts352
4
The same abstract organization in many semantic fields
356
4
Function-argument structure across semantic fields
360
9
360
4
Building verb meanings364
5
Qualia structure: characteristic activities and purposes
369
4
378
4
Modification382
2
Lambda extraction and variable binding384
2
Parallels in lexical semantics386
1
Referential dependence and referential frames
398
10
The information structure (topic/focus) tier
408
9
Phrasal semantics and Universal Grammar
417
1
Beyond: discourse, conversation, narrative
418
4