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Tables of Contents for The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PREFACE
xiii
PART I: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, HEALING, AND ILLNESS
1
33
1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH, HEALING, AND ILLNESS
1
12
Definition of Medical Sociology
1
1
Historical Development of Medical Sociology
2
2
Major Topics of Analysis in Medical Sociology
4
3
Sociology's Contribution
7
3
The Role of the Medical Sociologist
10
1
Summary
10
1
Key Concepts and Terms
11
1
Discussion Question
11
1
References
11
2
2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
13
21
A Brief History of Medicine
13
1
Early Humans
14
1
Ancient Civilizations: Egypt and Mesopotamia
15
1
Greek and Roman Societies
16
3
The Medieval Era
19
1
Medicine in the Renaissance
20
1
Medicine from 1600 to 1900
21
4
The Ascendancy of Medical Authority in America
25
5
Perspectives on the Ascendancy of Medical Authority
30
1
Summary
31
1
Key Concepts and Terms
32
1
Discussion Question
32
1
References
33
1
PART II: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS
34
72
3 SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
34
23
The Work of the Epidemiologist
34
2
The Epidemiological Transition
36
2
Life Expectancy and Mortality
38
4
Infant Mortality
42
4
Maternal Mortality
46
1
Morbidity
47
5
Disability
52
1
Summary
53
1
Key Concepts and Terms
53
1
Discussion Cases
54
1
References
54
3
4 DISEASE AND ILLNESS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY
57
25
Cardiovascular Diseases
59
3
Cancer
62
8
HIV/AIDS
70
3
Alzheimer's Disease
73
1
Mental Illness
74
3
Summary
77
1
Key Concepts and Terms
78
1
Discussion Case
78
2
References
80
2
5 SOCIAL STRESS
82
24
Definition of Stress
82
1
Historical Development of the Stress Concept
82
1
A Model of Social Stress
83
1
Stressors
84
7
Appraisal of Stressors
91
1
Mediators of Stress: Coping and Social Support
92
3
Stress Outcomes
95
1
The Role of Social Class, Race, and Gender in Social Stress
96
5
Summary
101
1
Key Concepts and Terms
101
1
Discussion Cases
102
1
References
103
3
PART III: HEALTH AND ILLNESS BEHAVIOR
106
6 HEALTH BEHAVIOR
106
20
The Concept of Health
106
2
Health Behavior
108
1
Describing Individual Health Behaviors
108
5
Explaining Health Behavior
113
9
Summary
122
1
Key Concepts and Terms
122
1
Discussion Cases
123
1
References
123
3
7 ILLNESS AND SICK ROLE BEHAVIOR
126
22
Stages of Illness Experience
126
1
Stage 1: Symptom Experience
126
3
Stage 2: Assumption of the Sick Role--Illness as Deviance
129
4
Stage 3: Medical Care Contact/Self-Care
133
9
Stage 4: Dependent-Patient Role and Stage 5: Recovery and Rehabilitation
142
2
Summary
144
1
Key Concepts and Terms
145
1
Discussion Question
145
1
References
146
2
PART IV: HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PATIENTS
148
8 PHYSICIANS AND THE PROFESSION OF MEDICINE
148
25
The Profession of Medicine
148
4
Professional Medical Associations
152
1
The Social Control of Medicine
153
6
The Number, Composition, and Distribution of Physicians in the United States
159
5
Female Physicians
164
3
Physician Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
167
1
Physician Impairment: Stresses and Strains of the Physician Role
168
1
Summary
169
1
Key Concepts and Terms
169
1
Discussion Case
170
1
References
170
3
9 MEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE SOCIALIZATION OF PHYSICIANS
173
21
The History of Medical Education
173
2
Modern Medical Education
175
6
The Premed Experience
181
1
The Medical School Experience: Attitude and Value Acquisition
181
3
The Medical School Experience: Stress
184
3
The Medical School Experience: Career Choices
187
1
Future Directions in U.S. Medical Education
188
2
Summary
190
1
Key Concepts and Terms
190
1
Discussion Case
190
1
References
191
3
10 NURSES, MID-LEVEL HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS, AND ALLIED HEALTH WORKERS
194
23
Evolution of Nonphysician Health Care Practitioners
194
3
Nurses and the Field of Nursing
197
7
Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners
204
3
Allied Health Workers
207
2
The Health Care Team
209
1
Relationships Among Health Care Workers
210
4
The Changing Environment Among Health Care Workers
214
1
Summary
214
1
Key Concepts and Terms
214
1
Discussion Question
215
1
References
215
2
11 ALTERNATIVE HEALERS AND ALTERNATIVE HEALING PRACTICES
217
26
Scientific Medicine and Alternative Healing
217
1
Alternative Healers
218
4
Chiropractic
222
6
Acupuncture
228
2
Spiritual Healing and Christian Science
230
4
Ethnic Folk Healing
234
5
Summary
239
1
Key Concepts and Terms
239
1
Discussion Case
240
1
References
240
3
12 THE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: BACKGROUND AND MODELS
243
25
Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship
243
3
Key Dimensions of the Physician-Patient Relationship
246
7
The Influence of the Clinical Setting on the Physician-Patient Relationship
253
1
The Influence of Social Class, Race, and Symptomology on the Physician-Patient Relationship
254
1
The Influence of Gender on the Physician-Patient Relationship
255
4
Patient Satisfaction with Physicians
259
2
Patient Compliance with Medical Regimens
261
1
Summary
262
1
Key Concepts and Terms
263
1
Discussion Cases
263
1
References
264
4
13 PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS OF PHYSICIANS IN THE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
268
18
Truth-telling as an Issue
268
4
Confidentiality as an Issue
272
3
Obligation to Treat AIDS Patients
275
6
Summary
281
1
Key Concepts and Terms
282
1
Discussion Cases
282
1
References
283
3
PART V: THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
286
95
14 THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES
286
26
Health Care Expenditures
286
3
Financing Health Care
289
5
America's Uninsured Population
294
1
Explaining the High Cost of Health Care
295
4
Cost Containment: DRGs, Rationing, and Managed Care
299
7
The Politics of Health Care Reform
306
2
Summary
308
1
Key Concepts and Terms
309
1
Discussion Cases
309
1
References
309
3
15 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
312
22
The Emergence of Freestanding Ambulatory Care Sites
312
4
The Flourishing of Managed Care Systems: HMOs and PPOs
316
3
Emergence of the Modern Hospital
319
10
The Reemergence of Home Health Care
329
2
Summary
331
1
Key Concepts and Terms
331
1
Discussion Case
332
1
References
332
2
16 THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY
334
25
Health Care Technology
335
4
The Right to Refuse or Demand Advanced Health Care Technology
339
7
Organ Donation and Transplantation
346
5
New Reproductive Technologies
351
4
Summary
355
1
Key Concepts and Terms
355
1
Discussion Cases
356
1
References
357
2
17 COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS
359
22
Determinants of Health Care Policy
359
3
Types of Health Care Systems
362
1
People's Republic of China
363
3
Russia
366
4
Canada
370
4
Great Britain
374
3
Summary
377
1
Key Concepts and Terms
378
1
Discussion Question
378
1
References
378
3
NAME INDEX
381
11
SUBJECT INDEX
392