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Tables of Contents for Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PREFACE
XI
CHAPTER 1 MASS AND ENERGY TRANSFER
1
38
1.1 Introduction
1
1
1.2 Units of Measurement
2
3
1.3 Materials Balance
5
10
1.4 Energy Fundamentals
15
19
Problems
34
5
CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
39
38
2.1 Introduction
39
1
2.2 Stoichiometry
39
6
2.3 Enthalpy in Chemical Systems
45
4
2.4 Chemical Equilibria
49
11
2.5 Organic Chemistry
60
7
2.6 Nuclear Chemistry
67
6
Problems
73
3
References
76
1
CHAPTER 3 MATHEMATICS FOR GROWTH
77
40
3.1 Introduction
77
1
3.2 Exponential Growth
78
7
3.3 Resource Consumption
85
7
3.4 Population Growth
92
5
3.5 Human Population Growth
97
14
Problems
111
4
References
115
2
CHAPTER 4 RISK ASSESSMENT
117
46
4.1 Introduction
117
1
4.2 Perspectives on Risks
118
3
4.3 Perception of Risk
121
1
4.4 Risk Assessment
122
2
4.5 Hazard Identification
124
12
4.6 Dose-Response Assessment
136
11
4.7 Human Exposure Assessment
147
5
4.8 Risk Characterization
152
1
4.9 Comparative Risk Analysis
153
4
Problems
157
4
References
161
2
CHAPTER 5 WATER POLLUTION
163
104
5.1 Introduction
163
1
5.2 Water Resources
164
7
5.3 Water Pollutants
171
13
5.4 Status of Surface Water Quality
184
2
5.5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
186
12
5.6 The Effect of Oxygen-Demanding Wastes on Rivers
198
9
5.7 Water Quality in Lakes and Reservoirs
207
13
5.8 Groundwater
220
1
5.9 Aquifers
221
2
5.10 Hydraulic Gradient
223
3
5.11 Darcy's Law
226
4
5.12 Contaminant Transport
230
3
5.13 Cone of Depression
233
5
5.14 Capture-Zone Curves
238
6
5.15 Control of Groundwater Plumes
244
1
5.16 Contaminants in Groundwater
245
4
5.17 Conventional Pump-and-Treat Systems
249
1
5.18 Additional Remediation Technologies
250
4
Problems
254
10
References
264
3
CHAPTER 6 WATER QUALITY CONTROL
267
60
6.1 Introduction
267
1
6.2 Municipal Water and Wastewater Systems
268
1
6.3 The Safe Drinking Water Act
269
5
6.4 Water Treatment Systems
274
13
6.5 Wastewater Treatment
287
10
6.6 Hazardous Wastes
297
2
6.7 Hazardous Materials Legislation
299
9
6.8 Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies
308
12
6.9 Land Disposal
320
4
Problems
324
1
References
325
2
CHAPTER 7 AIR POLLUTION
327
126
7.1 Introduction
327
1
7.2 Overview of Emissions
328
3
7.3 The Clean Air Act
331
6
7.4 The Pollutant Standards Index
337
2
7.5 Criteria Pollutants
339
22
7.6 Toxic Air Pollutants
361
1
7.7 Air Pollution in the World's Megacities
361
2
7.8 Motor Vehicle Emissions
363
17
7.9 Stationary Sources
380
12
7.10 Air Pollution and Meteorology
392
14
7.11 The Point-Source Gaussian Plume Model
406
22
7.12 Indoor Air Quality
428
15
Problems
443
7
References
450
3
CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE
453
102
8.1 Introduction
453
1
8.2 The Atmospheric of Earth
454
2
8.3 Global Temperature
456
10
8.4 The Greenhouse Effect
466
4
8.5 Global Energy Balance
470
2
8.6 Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
472
4
8.7 Radiative Forcings Since Preindustrial Times
476
16
8.8 Radiative Forcings Saturation Effects
492
6
8.9 Global Warming Potential
498
5
8.10 The Carbon Cycle
503
4
8.11 Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels
507
10
8.12 IPCC Emission Scenarios
517
5
8.13 Regional Impacts of Temperature Change
522
2
8.14 The Oceans and Climate Change
524
4
8.15 Changes in Stratospheric Ozone
528
16
Problems
544
7
References
551
4
CHAPTER 9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
555
84
9.1 Introduction
555
1
9.2 Background
556
5
9.3 Life-Cycle Assessment
561
6
9.4 Source Reduction
567
9
9.5 Collection and Transfer Operations
576
10
9.6 Recycling
586
21
9.7 Composting
607
4
9.8 Discarded Materials
611
1
9.9 Waste-to-Energy Combustion
611
12
9.10 Landfills
623
9
Problems
632
4
References
636
3
APPENDIX USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
639
4
INDEX
643