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Tables of Contents for Handbook Of Informatics For Nurses And Health Care Professionals
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PREFACE
xv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xix
MEDIA CONTRIBUTORS
xxi
REVIEWERS
xxiii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
xxv
SECTION ONE General Computer Information
1
116
CHAPTER 1 Informatics in the Health Care Professions
3
33
Data, Information, and Knowledge
4
3
The Nurse as Knowledge Worker
7
1
The Significance of Good Information Management
8
1
The Definition and Evolution of Informatics
8
4
Informatics Competencies for Nurses
12
3
Applications of Nursing Informatics
15
1
Nursing Practice
15
1
Nursing Administration
15
1
Nursing Education
16
1
Nursing Research
16
1
The Current Status of Health Care Delivery
16
5
Patient Safety
17
1
The Nursing Shortage
18
1
Pressure to Implement Information Technology
18
1
Consumer Demands for Quality and Cost-Effective Care
19
1
Research
20
1
Managed Care
20
1
Benefits of Nursing Informatics for Other Health Care Professionals
21
2
Nursing Informatics as a Specialty Area of Practice
23
4
The Role of the Informatics Nurse
27
1
The Future of Nursing Informatics
28
1
Case Study Exercise
29
1
Summary
29
1
References
30
6
CHAPTER 2 Hardware, Software, and the Roles of Support Personnel
36
28
Hardware
37
1
Input Devices
37
1
Central Processing Unit
38
1
Secondary Storage
38
1
Output Devices
38
1
Computer Categories
38
4
Peripheral Hardware Items
42
3
Networks
45
1
How Computers Work
46
2
Selection Criteria
48
3
User Needs
49
1
Physical Constraints
49
2
Mobile and Wireless Computing
51
2
Software
53
3
Operating Systems
54
1
Application Software
55
1
Utility Programs
55
1
Roles of Support Personnel
56
4
Superuser
56
1
Call Desk and Help Desk Personnel
56
1
Microcomputer or PC Specialist
56
1
Analyst
57
1
Clinical Liaison
57
1
Programmer
57
1
Network Administrator
57
1
Trainer
58
1
Security Officer
58
1
Chief Information Officer
58
1
Webmaster
58
1
Chief Privacy Officer
59
1
Chief E-health Officer
59
1
Compliance Officer
59
1
Disaster Planning and Recovery Officer
59
1
Interface Engineer
60
1
Case Study Exercises
60
1
Summary
61
1
References
61
3
CHAPTER 3 Ensuring the Quality of Information
64
16
Data Integrity
65
2
Ensuring Correct Data Collection and Entry
65
2
Data Management
67
6
Data Storage
68
3
Outsourcing Data Management and Storage
71
1
Data Retrieval
71
1
Data Exchange
72
1
Characteristics of Quality Information
73
2
Data Mining
75
1
Data Cleansing
76
1
Case Study Exercises
77
1
Summary
77
1
References
78
2
CHAPTER 4 Electronic Communication and the Internet
80
37
The Internet
82
23
E-mail
83
4
File Transfer
87
1
The World Wide Web
87
6
Browsers
93
1
Search Tools
93
2
Listservs
95
1
News Groups
95
1
Bulletin Board Systems
96
1
Access to Health Care Information and Services
96
1
Professional Information Sharing
97
3
Online Publications and Journals
100
1
Marketing Services
101
1
E-health
102
3
Concerns Related to the Use of the Internet
105
3
Firewalls
105
1
Web Security
105
1
Organizational Policy
106
1
Overload
107
1
Viral Contamination
108
1
Intranets and Extranets
108
2
Case Study Exercises
110
1
Summary
110
1
References
111
6
SECTION TWO Health Care Information Systems
117
206
CHAPTER 5 Health Care Information Systems
119
23
Clinical Information Systems
120
16
Nursing Information Systems
120
6
Clinician Information Systems
126
1
Monitoring Systems
126
1
Order Entry Systems
126
2
Laboratory Systems
128
2
Radiology Systems
130
1
Pharmacy Systems
131
4
Other Clinical Systems
135
1
Administrative Systems
136
1
Registration Systems
136
1
Scheduling Systems
137
1
Decision Support and Expert Systems
137
1
Case Study Exercises
138
1
Summary
139
1
References
139
3
CHAPTER 6 Strategic Planning
142
16
The Mission
143
1
Goals and Objectives
144
1
Developing Strategies
145
1
Strategic Planning for Information Systems
146
2
Steps of the Strategic Planning Process
148
7
Identification of Goals and Scope
149
1
Scanning the External and Internal Environments
149
1
Data Analysis
150
1
Identification of Potential Solutions
150
1
Selecting a Course of Action
151
3
Implementation
154
1
Ongoing Evaluation and Feedback
154
1
Case Study Exercises
155
1
Summary
156
1
References
157
1
CHAPTER 7 Selecting a Health Care Information System
158
18
Needs Assessment
159
9
The Steering Committee
161
1
Consultants
162
1
Developing a Common Vision
162
1
Understanding the Current System
163
1
Determining System Requirements
163
5
System Selection
168
6
Additional Sources of Information
168
1
Request for Information
169
1
Request for Proposal
170
4
Case Study Exercises
174
1
Summary
174
1
References
175
1
CHAPTER 8 System Implementation and Maintenance
176
15
System Implementation
177
9
Develop an Implementation Committee
177
1
Install the System
177
4
Analyze Hardware Requirements
181
1
Develop Procedures and Documentation
182
1
Testing
183
1
Provide Training
183
1
Go-Live Planning
183
1
Common Implementation Pitfalls
184
2
Maintenance
186
2
User Feedback and Support
186
1
System Maintenance
186
2
Technical Maintenance
188
1
The Information System's Life Cycle
188
1
Case Study Exercises
188
1
Summary
189
1
References
190
1
CHAPTER 9 Information Systems Training
191
18
Identification of Training Needs
193
11
User Needs
193
1
Training Class Content
194
2
Class Schedules
196
1
Hardware and Software Requirements
197
1
Training Costs
197
1
Training Center
198
1
Training Approaches
198
2
Proficiency Testing
200
4
Additional Training Considerations
204
1
Training Students
204
1
Case Study Exercises
205
1
Summary
206
1
References
207
2
CHAPTER 10 Information Security and Confidentiality
209
28
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security
210
1
Information System Security
211
5
Security Risks
212
4
Security Mechanisms
216
4
Physical Security
216
1
Passwords and Other Means of Authentication
217
2
Firewalls
219
1
Application Security
219
1
Antivirus Software
220
1
Spyware Detection Software
220
1
Administrative and Personnel Issues
220
7
Levels of Access
272
User Authentication
222
1
Personnel Issues
223
1
System Security Management
224
2
Audit Trails
226
1
Handling and Disposal of Confidential Information
227
4
Computer Printouts
227
1
Faxes
228
1
Electronic Files
228
2
E-mail and the Internet
230
1
Web-Based Applications for Health Care
230
1
Electronic Storage
231
1
Case Study Exercises
231
1
Summary
232
1
References
233
4
CHAPTER 11 System Integration
237
14
Interfaces
238
3
Integration Issues
241
1
The Need for Integration Standards
241
4
Data Dictionary
242
1
Master Patient Index
242
1
Uniform Language
243
1
Data Exchange Standards
244
1
Benefits of Integration
245
1
Integration Implications for Nursing
246
1
Emerging Integration Solutions
247
1
Case Study Exercises
247
1
Summary
248
1
References
249
2
CHAPTER 12 The Electronic Health Record
251
17
Definitions
252
2
Historical Developments
254
2
Benefits of the EHR
256
2
General Benefits
257
1
Nursing Benefits
257
1
Physician Benefits
258
1
Health Care Enterprise Benefits
258
1
Current Status of the EHR
258
4
Considerations When Implementing the EHR
258
2
Data Integrity
260
1
Ownership of the Patient Record
261
1
Privacy and Confidentiality
261
1
Electronic Signature
262
1
Smart Cards
262
1
CHINs
263
1
Considerations for the Future
264
1
Case Study Exercises
265
1
Summary
266
1
References
266
2
CHAPTER 13 Regulatory and Accreditation Issues
268
24
Privacy and Confidentiality Legislation
269
9
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
272
5
Other Privacy Legislation
277
1
Accreditation and Reimbursement Issues
278
3
Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
278
1
Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities
279
1
Reimbursement Issues
280
1
HIPAA Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Transactions Rule
281
1
Quality Initiatives
281
1
Special Facility Issues
282
3
Geriatric and Long-Term Facilities
282
2
Psychiatric Facilities
284
1
Case Study Exercises
285
1
Summary
286
1
References
287
5
CHAPTER 14 Contingency Planning and Disaster Recovery
292
31
What Is Contingency Planning?
293
1
Steps of the Contingency Planning Process
294
5
Advantages of Contingency Planning
299
1
Disasters versus System Failure
300
2
Environmental Disasters
300
1
Human Error
300
1
Sabotage, Cybercrime, Terrorism, and Bioterrorism
301
1
System or Equipment Failure
302
1
Continuity and Recovery Options
302
4
Backup and Storage
303
3
Manual versus Automated Alternatives
306
7
Salvaging Damaged Records
309
3
Restarting Systems
312
1
Planning Pitfalls
313
1
Using Post-Disaster Feedback to Improve Planning
314
2
Legal and Accreditation Requirements
316
1
Case Study Exercises
317
1
Summary
318
1
References
319
4
SECTION THREE Specialty Applications
323
82
CHAPTER 15 Using the Computer to Support Health Care Education
325
30
Instructional Applications of Computer Technology
326
15
Computer-Assisted Instruction
327
2
Competency-Based Training
329
1
Multimedia
329
2
Teleconferencing
331
1
Distance Education
331
4
Web-Based Instruction (WBI)
335
4
E-learning 33S
Computer Labs
339
2
Audiences for Computer-Enhanced Education
341
5
Formal Nursing Education
341
3
Continuing Education
344
1
Client Education
345
1
Issues Related to Computer-Enhanced Education
346
1
Educational Opportunities in Nursing Informatics
347
1
Case Study Exercises
347
1
Summary
348
2
References
350
5
CHAPTER 16 Telehealth
355
28
Terms Related to Telehealth
356
2
Teleconferencing
358
1
Videoconferencing
358
1
Desktop Videoconferencing
358
1
Historical Background
358
2
Driving Forces
360
1
Applications
361
6
Online Databases and Tools
362
2
Education
364
1
Continuing Education
364
1
Home Health Care
364
1
Disease Management
365
2
Legal and Privacy Issues
367
3
HIPAA, Referral, and Payment
367
1
Support Personnel
368
1
Liability
368
1
Licensure Issues
369
1
Confidentiality/Privacy
370
1
Other Telehealth Issues
370
1
Establishing a Telehealth Link
371
5
Formulating a Telehealth Plan
371
1
Building the Supporting Framework
372
1
Human Factors
373
1
Equipment
374
1
Telehealth Costs
374
1
Technology Issues
374
2
Telenursing
376
1
Future Development
376
1
Case Study Exercises
377
1
Summary
378
1
References
379
4
CHAPTER 17 Research
383
22
Using Computers to Support Research
384
10
Identification of Research Topics
384
1
Literature Searches
384
2
Data Collection Tools
386
3
Data Analysis
389
3
Data Presentation: Graphics
392
1
Online Access to Databases
392
2
Impediments to Health Care Research
394
5
Unified Language Efforts
395
1
Multi-institutional Research
396
1
Research in Real Time
396
1
Collaborative Research
396
3
Dissemination of Research Findings
399
1
The Implications of HIPAA for Health Care Research
399
1
Students Using Computers for Research
400
1
Case Study Exercises
401
1
Summary
402
1
References
402
3
APPENDIX A: INTERNET PRIMER
405
8
APPENDIX B: CAREER RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET
413
4
APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY EXERCISES-SUGGESTED RESPONSES
417
20
GLOSSARY
437
16
INDEX
453