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Tables of Contents for Introduction to Modern Philosophy
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
What Is Philosophy
1
18
The Examined Life
2
17
Socrates
Am I a Body and a Mind?
19
76
The Question Posed
19
1
I am a Mind (Res Cogitans) and a Body (Res Extensa)
20
19
Rene Descartes
Descartes was Confused
39
13
Gilbert Ryle
The Identity Theory
52
5
J. J. C. Smart
Functionalism as a Critique of Identity Theory and Logical Behaviorism
57
15
Jerry Fodor
Can Machines Think?
72
6
A. M. Turing
Computers Cannot Think
78
7
John Searle
Searle is Mistaken
85
10
Paul
Patricia Churchland
Am I Free or Determined?
95
42
The Question Posed
95
2
I am Determined
97
5
Baron D'Holbach
I am Free
102
4
Jean-Paul Sartre
I am Determined and Free
106
6
Walter T. Stace
Psychology Shows we are not Free?
112
11
John Hospers
A Defense of Compatibilism
123
11
John W. Bender
An Argument for Indeterminism
134
3
Karl Popper
What Grounds Do I Have for Belief in God?
137
70
The Question Posed
137
2
Belief Leads to Understanding
139
4
St. Anselm
Belief Supported by Proofs
143
8
Thomas Aquinas
Belief Without Proofs
151
8
Blaise Pascal
Doubts About Natural Theology
159
10
David Hume
A Finite God
169
9
John Stuart Mill
Agnosticism---The Only Legitimate Response
178
6
Thomas Henry Huxley
Legitimate Belief in Spite of Agnosticism
184
10
William James
Falsification and Verification
194
13
Antony Flew
John Hick
On What Principle Do I Judge Things Right or Wrong?
207
92
The Question Posed
207
3
The Will of God
210
6
William Paley
The Categorical Imperative
216
10
Immanuel Kant
The Maximization of Happiness
226
10
John Stuart Mill
The Relativity of Morality
236
16
Friedrich Nietzsche
Emotivism Affirmed
252
9
A. J. Ayer
Emotivism Refined
261
17
C. L. Stevenson
Emotivism Critiqued
278
8
Brand Blanshard
Morality
286
8
Bernard Gert
The Moral Prism
294
5
Dorothy Emmet
Why should I Obey the Law?
299
102
The Question Posed
299
2
The Case for the Legislative Life
301
7
Thomas Hobbes
The Case for Resistance
308
14
John Locke
The Case for the Common Good
322
11
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Case for Revolution
333
16
Karl Marx
The Case for Liberty and Law
349
18
John Stuart Mill
The Case for Civil Disobedience with Religious Warrant
367
10
Martin Luther King
The Case for Anarchy
377
12
Robert Paul Wolff
The Case for Civil Disobedience with Secular Warrant
389
12
John Rawls
What Things Shall I Call Art?
401
55
The Question Posed
401
1
The Aesthetic Hypothesis
402
7
Clive Bell
Anything Viewed Might Be Art?
409
7
Paul Ziff
Art As Representation of Reality
416
13
H. Gene Blocker
Art As Communication of Emotion
429
7
Leo Tolstoy
Critique of Expressionism
436
5
John Hospers
Is Aesthetics Founded on A Mistake?
441
9
Morris Weitz
Against Interpretation
450
6
Susan Sontag
When Can I Say ``I Know''?
456
46
The Question Posed
456
1
An Appeal to Experience
457
8
David Hume
A Critique of Reason in Experience
465
11
Immanuel Kant
A Logical Positivist Critique
476
8
A. J. Ayer
The Presuppositions of Knowledge
484
6
R. G. Collingwood
The Elements of Epistemology
490
7
Alvin Goldman
The Analysis of Knowledge
497
5
Keith Lehrer
What Is Science? Positivism to Postmodernism
502
58
The Question Posed
502
1
The Positivist View of Science
502
9
Herbert Feigl
Problems with the Postivistic Interpretations of Science
511
9
Thomas Kuhn
Relativism, Even in Science, is the Only Conclusion
520
3
Paul Feyerabend
Kuhn Has Misread Science and Its History
523
10
Larry Laudan
Science is Neither Objective nor Unemotional
533
10
Alison Jaggar
Can There Be A Feminist Science?
543
6
Helen Longino
Relativism Means the End of Philosophy
549
3
Richard Rorty
An Explanation of Postmodernism
552
8
H. Gene Blocker
Epilogue I
Applied Ethics
560
19
The Question Posed
560
1
1. Medical Ethics: Euthanasia
561
6
Timothy E. Quill
2. Business Ethics: Making Profits
567
6
Milton Friedman
3. Environmental Ethics: Inescapable Speciesism
573
6
Arthur Zucker
Epilogue II
Making Sense Out of Life
579
64
The Question Posed
579
3
1. The Will to Meaning
582
13
Viktor E. Frankl
2. The Biblical Tradition: The Story of the God Who Acts
595
11
3. The Biblical Tradition: The Story of Transcending Suffering
606
8
4. The African Tradition: The Story of Pursuing The Moral Ideal
614
12
5. The Story of Combatting Suffering
626
7
Albert Camus
6. Is The Story to be Continued?
633
10
Peter Geach
Glossary
643