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Tables of Contents for The Human Venture
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PREFACE
xv
THE GREAT ENTERPRISE: A WORLD HISTORY TO 1500
1
336
Introduction VENTURE INTO HISTORY
1
4
An Undertaking of Uncertain Outcome
2
1
The Human Commitment to History
2
1
History and Civilization
3
2
OVERVIEW I ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: THE CONTINENTAL CROSSROADS (3500-200 B.C.E.)
5
3
Chapter 1 HUMANITY BEFORE HISTORY STONE AGE PEOPLE (5,000,000-3500 B.C.E.)
8
18
Human Development
9
6
Beginnings
The Bone Hunters
Biological Evolution
The Prehistoric Migrations
The Human Races
Paleolithic Food Gatherers
15
2
The Food-Gathering Band
Stone Age Women
Beginnings of Religion and Art
Neolithic Farmers
17
5
The Discovery of Agriculture
Crops and Flocks
Life in the Neolithic Village
Alternate Lifestyles
The Transition to Civilization
22
4
The First Civilizations
Monarchy, Hierarchy, and Patriarchy
Economics, Technology, Culture
Chapter 2 THE WALLS OF BABYLON THE CITIES OF MESOPOTAMIA (3500-500 B.C.E)
26
14
Mesopotamian Society
27
4
A Land Between Two Rivers
Irrigation, Building, Bronze Age Crafts
The City and the City-State
The Palace and the Temple
Mesopotamian Empires
31
4
Impediments to Empire
Sargon of Akkad
Hammurabi of Babylon
The Assyrian Warfare State
Nebuchadnezzar and the New Babylonian Empire
Mesopotamian Culture
35
5
Polytheistic Religions
Writing, Learning, and Literature
The Arts: Gold and Lapis Lazuli
Chapter 3 THE PYRAMID BUILDERS THE KINGDOM OF EGYPT (3200-100 B.C.E.)
40
16
The Pyramid Age
41
4
Egypt--The Gift of the Nile
Egypt and Africa
The Pharaohs Unify the Land
The Old Kingdom: The Pyramid Builders
The Middle Kingdom: A Bridge Between Two Worlds
The Egyptian Empire
45
6
The New Kingdom: The Turn Toward Empire
Queen Hatshepsut and Thutmose the Conqueror
Akhenation, the Heretic Pharaoh
Final Glories and a Long Decline
Rich and Poor, Men and Women
The Wisdom of the Egyptians
51
5
Hieroglyphics, Science, and Literature
Pyramids, Obelisks, and the Egyptian Canon
Many Gods and Eternal Life
Chapter 4 MOSES AND PROPHETS THE ANCIENT HEBREWS AND THEIR WORLD (1500-500 B.C.E.)
56
10
Turbulent Centuries
57
1
The Near East in Tumult
The Hittites and the Iron Age
The Far-Trading Phoenicians
The Hebrews
58
3
The Wandering Years
The Kingdom of David
The Splendor of Solomon
Division and Disaster
The Birth of Monotheism
61
5
Hebrew Society
The Worship of the One God
The Hebrew Heritage
Chapter 5 ATHENA AND THE PHILOSOPHERS THE GREEK CITY-STATES (1500-200 B.C.E.)
66
19
Minoans and Mycenaeans
67
4
Mountains and the Sea
The Minoans
The Mycenaeans
The Greek Dark Age
Classical Greece
71
7
Wealth and Colonies
The Greek City-State
The Persian War
The Athens of Pericles
The Peloponnesian War
Alexander the Great: Long March to Glory
The Fountainhead of Western Culture
78
7
The Art of the Acropolis
Homer's Epics and Athenian Tragedy
Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
History and Science
OVERVIEW II ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: THE FARTHER REACHES (2500-200 B.C.E.)
85
3
Chapter 6 BRAHMAN AND LORD BUDDHA THE RISE OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION (2500-200 B.C.E.)
88
15
Lost Civilization of the Indus
89
3
The Indian Subcontinent
Harappan Culture
The Aryan Invasions
Kingdoms of the Ganges
92
5
Cities in the Jungle
Social Structures: Family and Caste
The Rise of the Rajas
The Mauryas: Chandragupta
Asoka, the Philosopher King
The Soul of India
97
6
The Lost Arts of Ancient India
Epic Poetry: The Song of God
Hinduism: From the Sacred Cow to Brahman
The Naked Philosophers
Buddhism: The Teachings of Prince Siddartha
Chapter 7 THE AGE OF THE SAGES THE RISE OF THE CHINESE CIVILIZATION (1500-200 B.C.E)
103
15
Shang Culture
104
3
The Middle Kingdom of East Asia
From Prehistory to History
The Shang State
Families, Cities, Culture
The Zhou Dynasty and Chinese Feudalism
107
2
The Kings of the Western Zhou
Zhou Feudalism
The Eastern Zhou: Progress in a World at War
The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
109
2
The Rise of the House of Qin
Shi Huangdi: The First Emperor of China
The Man Who Built the Great Wall of China
Art and Thought of Ancient China
111
7
Art: Bronze Dragons and Clay Soldiers
Literature: Chinese Characters and the Book of Songs
The Sages: The Teachings of Confucious
The Hundred Flowers
Chapter 8 AFRICAN TRADERS AND EMPIRE BUILDERS NUBIA AND CARTHAGE (1500-150 B.C.E.)
118
10
Africa South and West
119
1
The Second Largest Continent
Early Contributions
Nubia, Kush, and Inner Africa
120
3
The Nubian Corridor
The Kingdom of Kush
The Furnaces of Meroe
Carthage: The Empire of the Western Seas
123
5
The Phoenician Diaspora
Peoples of the Maghreb
The Carthaginian Empire
Rivals of the Greeks and Romans
Chapter 9 AMERICA'S FIRST CIVILIZATIONS THE OLMECS AND CHAVIN CULTURE (1500-400 B.C.E.)
128
9
The First North Americans
129
1
The Americas Before Columbus
Hunters and Farmers
Regional Economies and Family Structures
Harmony with Nature
Mexico: The Olmecs
130
3
Origins of the Olmecs
Olmec Culture
Olmec Society
Peru: Chavin Culture
133
4
Origins of the Chavin Culture
Ruins in the Andes
Chavin Religion and Art
Chapter 10 WHIRLWIND HAS UNSEATED ZEUS CULTURAL EVOLUTION IN HISTORY
137
8
Diffusion Versus Parallel Evolution
138
2
Cultural Diffusion
Parallel Evolution
Parallel Developments Around the Globe
140
5
Agriculture in the Americas
Ironworking in Africa
The Axial Age Across Eurasia
OVERVIEW III CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS (500 B.C.E.-C.E. 500)
145
3
Chapter 11 THE ETERNAL CITY THE ROMAN EMPIRE (500 B.C.E.-C.E. 500)
148
18
The Roman Republic
149
4
The Roman City-State
Rome Rules the Mediterranean
The Roman Civil War
Julius Caesar
The Roman Empire
153
5
Augustus Caesar
The Roman Peace
The Crisis of the Third Century
Decline and Fall
Roman Society and Culture
158
2
Roman Women
Art and Engineering
Poems and Plays: Vergil
The Rise of Christianity
160
6
The Message of Jesus
Christianity Under the Empire
Women in the Early Church
The Triumph of the Early Church
Chapter 12 THE PILLARS OF PERSEPOLIS PERSIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (500 B.C.E.-C.E. 650)
166
10
The Rise of Persian Power
167
3
The Middle East
Cyrus the Great
Darius the Great
Later Persian Dynasties
170
1
The Seleucids
The Parthians
The Sassanids
Persian Culture
171
5
Peoples, Classes, Genders
The Faith of Zoroaster
The Art of Imperial Persia
Chapter 13 GOLDEN AGE ON THE GANGES THE PEOPLES OF INDIA (200 B.C.E.-C.E. 550)
176
12
India Between the Mauryas and the Guptas
177
2
Invaders of the Punjab: The Kushans
Kingdoms of the Deccan: The Tamils
Nations of Shopkeepers
The Gupta Golden Age
179
2
Chandra Gupta I: The Raja of the Rajas
Samudra and Chandra Gupta II
Life in Gupta India
Art and Indian Piety
181
7
Evolving Faiths: Mahayana Buddhism
The Hindu Renaissance
The Art of Caves and Stupas
Beast Fables and Courtly Love
Mathematics, Medicine, and Science
Chapter 14 THE GRANDEUR OF HAN CHINA THE CHINESE EMPIRE (200 B.C.E.-C.E. 200)
188
13
The Han Dynasty
189
5
The Exalted Founder: Han Gaozu
The Sustainer: Empress Lu
The Martial Emperor: Han Wudi
Wang Mang and the Interregnum
New Frontiers
The Mandate Passes
The Structure of Han China
194
2
The Imperial Mystique
The Scholar Bureaucrats
Sixty Million Chinese--and Counting
The Women of Han China
The Mind and Art of the Han
196
5
The Triumph of Confucianism
The Grand Historian
Art in the Palace of Han
Chapter 15 THE OBELISKS OF AXUM AFRICA FROM THE RED SEA TO THE SAHARA (600 B.C.E.-C.E. 600)
201
8
Africa and the Mediterranean
202
1
Greek and Roman Africa
Alexandria
Axum
203
3
Axum and the Red Sea
Axumite Society
The Culture of Axum
Africa South of the Sahara
206
3
Saharan and Sub-Saharan Societies
Technology: Metals and Salt
Trade: The Camel Revolution
Chapter 16 THE PYRAMIDS OF MEXICO AND PERU THE AMERICAS FROM THE MOCHICA TO THE MAYA (200 B.C.E.-C.E. 900)
209
11
North American Cultures
210
2
The Desert Southwest: Mogollon and Hohokam
The Eastern Woodlands: Adena and Hopewell
Society and Culture
South American Societies
212
2
Growing Populations
The Mochica Pottery Makers
Peruvian Culture
Middle American Civilization
214
6
The Pyramids of Teotihuacan
The Mayan City-States
The Minds of the Mayans
Chapter 17 THE LONG VOYAGERS CULTURAL DIFFUSION IN HISTORY
220
11
Migration: An Urge to Move On
221
4
Forms of Cultural Interaction
Whole Peoples on the March
The Bantu Migrations
Seaborne Migrations Across the Pacific
Trade: Voyaging by Land and Sea
225
1
The Horse-Trading Impulse
Caravanas Across Eurasia
Riding the Monsoon Winds to India
Cultural Diffusion: The Outreach of Ideas
226
5
Definitions of Culture
The Missionary Impulse
OVERVIEW IV EXPANDING CULTURAL ZONES (500-1500)
231
3
Chapter 18 CATHEDRAL SPIRES THE RISE OF CHRISTENDOM (500-1500)
234
21
The Early Middle Ages
235
5
The Reign of the Barbarian
Charlemagne's Empire
The Feudal Lords
Serfs of the Manor
The Life of the Church
Women in Early Medieval Society
The High Middle Ages
240
4
The Rebirth of Cities
The Feudal Monarchs
The Feudal Monarchies
The Popes and the Power of the Keys
Women in the Later Middle Ages
Eastern Europe and Beyond
244
3
The Byzantine Empire
From Kiev to Muscovy
The Crusades: Rehearsal for Empire
The End of the Middle Ages
247
2
God's Heavy Flail--or a Time of Change?
Schism and War
Plague and Depression
Medieval Christian Culture
249
6
The Daughter of God
Faith and Fanaticism
The Twelfth-Century Renaissance
The Art of the Cathedrals
Medieval Literature: Roland's Horn, Dante's Hell, and the Canterbury Pilgrims
Chapter 19 DOMES AND MINARETS THE RISE OF ISLAM (600-1300)
255
15
The Prophet and the Holy War
256
3
Muhammad the Messenger of God
The Social Message of the Prophet
The Islamic World
Jihad: The Holy Struggle
The Arab Empire
259
4
The Caliphs: Successors to the Prophet
The Umayyads
The Abbasids
The Splendors of Baghdad
The Faith and Art of Islam
263
7
The Quran, the Law, and the Five Pillars of Islam
The Sufi Tradition: Ecstasies and Trances
Islamic Art: Mosques and Minarets
Arab Literature: Poems and Tales
Philosophy and Science: Knowledge Lights the Way to Heaven
Chapter 20 MERCHANTS AND MISSIONARIES OF THE INDIES INDIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (600-1500)
270
11
India Between the Guptas and the Moguls
271
3
Attempts at Unity: Harsha and the Delhi Sultanate
Invasions and Divisions
Rajputs and Dravidians, Caste and Sex
Religion and Art in India
274
3
A Ferment of Religions: Hinduism and Buddhism
The Spread of Islam
The Age of the Temple Builders
The Indian Zone: Southeast Asia
277
4
A Pattern of Village Life
Missionaries and Merchants
Lands of a Million Elephants: From Malacca to Angkor Wat
Chapter 21 THE FIRST MERITOCRACY CHINA AND EAST ASIA (600-1250)
281
17
The Tang Dynasty
282
4
The Center of the World
The Six Dynasties
The Founder of the Tang: Tang Taizong
The Greatest Empress: Wu Zetian
The Brilliant Emperor: Tang Xuanzong
The World's Largest Country
Equal Fields and Wide Empire
The Song Dynasty
286
3
The Five Dynasties
Northern Song, Southern Song
The First Meritocracy
Economic Growth--and Problems
Society and Culture under the Tang and Song
289
4
The Condition of Women
Missionary Buddhism and the New Confucianism
Science and Technology: From Gunpowder to the Printing Press
Poetry: Moon in the Water
Art: Mountains in the Mist
China's Sphere of Influence
293
5
The Borderlands
Vietnam: The Lesser Dragon
Korea and Chinese Cultural Hegemony
Japan and the Chinese Model
The Culture of Court and Monastery
Chapter 22 LORDS OF THE EURASIAN HEARTLAND MONGOL RULE FROM RUSSIA TO CHINA (1200-1400)
298
12
The Nomads of Eurasia
299
1
Herders of the Steppes
Steppe Nomads and Civilization
The Rise and Fall of the Mongols
300
5
Genghis Khan, Lord of All Men
The Mongol Conquests
The Mongol Empire
The End of the Mongol Adventure
The Impact of the Mongol Imperium
305
5
Mongol Culture
Russia and the Golden Horde
China and the Mongol Khans
The Fall of the Mongols
Chapter 23 KINGS OF INNER AFRICA FROM GHANA TO ETHIOPIA (600-1450)
310
11
West African Empires
311
5
The Bilad al Sudan
Ghana: The Land of Gold
Mali: Where the King Dwells
Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage
Cities and Kingdoms of East Africa
316
3
The Christian States of Nubia
The Kingdom of Ethiopia
A Capital on the Move, a Mountain of Kings
The City-States of Zanj
Swahili Culture
African Society
319
2
Urban and Rural Africa
Women East and West
Muslim, Christian, and Traditional Cultures
Chapter 24 CONQUERING PEOPLES OF THE AMERICAS FROM THE TOLTECS TO CHIMU (900-1400)
321
8
North America: The Pueblos and the Great Mounds
322
1
Pueblo Culture
The Mississippi Culture
Middle America: The Toltecs
323
3
Mexico and Peru: Continuing Centers of American Civilization
The Toltecs: A Race of Legendary Heroes
South America: Peoples of the Mountains and the Shore
326
3
Tiahuanaco ahd Huari: Cities of the Andes
Chimu: People of the Coast
The Power of the Chimu State
Chapter 25 THE HINGE OF HISTORY FROM PLURALISM TO GLOBALISM
329
8
Cultural Diversity
330
2
Cultural Differences
Centers of Civilization
A World in Balance
Toward a Global Community
332
5
Columbus: Upsetting the Balance
Western Imperialism
Many Histories--or One?
THE GLOBE ENCOMPASSED: A WORLD HISTORY SINCE 1500
337
Introduction THE CONVERGENCE OF HISTORY
337
4
Traveling to Tibet
338
1
A Common Human Story
338
1
The Meanings of Globalization
339
2
OVERVIEW V THE WORLD IN BALANCE (1350-1600)
341
3
Chapter 26 EUROPE REBORN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION (1300-1600)
344
17
The New Wealth
345
3
Remembering the Renaissance
The Western World 500 Years Ago
The Renaissance Economic Revival
Money, Power, and Culture
Renaissance Ladies and Culture
The New Rulers
348
4
The Renaissance Revival of Princely Power
France: The Spider and the Knight
Spain: The Golden Century
England: Bluff Prince Hal and Good Queen Bess
The Renaissance of Western Art
352
The Humanist Movement
Art in the Age of Leonardo and Michelangelo
Literature in the Age of Shakespeare
The Reformation of Religion
335
The Decline of the Western Church
Martin Luther: Here I Stand
John Calvin: Building the New Jerusalem
The Catholic Reformation
The Wars of Religion
The World Had a Problem
Chapter 27 THE MUSLIM CENTER TURKEY, PERSIA, INDIA (1450-1650)
361
15
The Abode of Islam
362
2
The Transregional Zone
A Divided Realm
A Resurgence of Islamic Power
Three Muslim Dynasties: Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
364
5
The Ottoman Empire: The Ghazi Princes
Suleiman the Magnificent
Safavid Persia: The Shiite Kingdom
Shah Abbas of Isfahan
Mughal India: A Rabble of Adventurers
The Three Lives of Akbar the Great
Islamic Culture: The Garden of Omar Khayyam
369
7
The City and the Village
Women in the Muslim World
Literature and Learning: The Influence of Persia
The Luminous Power of Art
Architecture: The Most Beautiful Building in the World
Chapter 28 MANDARINS AND SAMURAI CHINA AND JAPAN (1350-1650)
376
13
The Confucian Zone
377
1
East Asia: The World Beyond the Mountains
China and Its Sphere of Influence
The Ming Dynasty
377
5
The Pig Emperor: Zhu Yuanzhang
Yongle and the Precious Ships
Government and Society: Mandarins and Peasant Masses
Women in Traditional China
A Land of Sages Confronts the Barbarians
Satellite Civilizations
382
3
The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors
Influence on Korea, Vietnam, and Manchuria
Independent Japan: Land of the Samurai
China and Japan: Contrasting Cultures
385
4
Cultural Differences
Ming Culture: Fisherman's Flute to Golden Lotus
Japan: From the Pure Land to Lady Nijo
Chapter 29 A CONTINENT ON THE MOVE AFRICA FROM SONGHAI TO GREAT ZIMBABWE (1450-1600)
389
13
West Africa
390
4
The Unknown Land
The Sudanic Empires: Songhai
The Hausa States: Kano
The Kingdoms of the Guinea Coast: Benin
Central and East Africa
394
3
The Kingdom of Kongo
The Riddle of Great Zimbabwe
African Society and Culture
397
5
African Society
Queens of the Marketplace
The Life of Timbuktu
The Benin Bronzes
Chapter 30 THE EMPIRES OF THE SUN THE AMERICAS UNDER THE AZTECS AND THE INCAS (1350-1550)
402
12
Kingdoms beyond the Seas
403
1
A Separate World
Twenty Centuries of History
The Aztecs: Warrior Lords of Mexico
403
4
Mesoamerican Society
The Rise of the Aztecs
The Aztec Empire
The Incas: Empire of the Andes
407
2
A Land and People Divided
Forces for Unity
Pachacuti Inca and the Unification of the Andes
The Inca Empire
Parallel Cultures of Mexico and Peru
409
5
Common Base, Parallel Evolution
Aztec Virtues
The Altars of Tenochtitlan
The Sapa Inca and the Virgins of the Sun
The King's Highway
Chapter 31 MASTERS OF MOST OF THE EARTH THE WORLD'S PREURBAN PEOPLES
414
9
Preurban Peoples of the Old World
415
2
Alternate Styles of Life
Europe's Steppe Frontier
The Borderlands of Asia
Africa Farther South
Preurban Peoples of the Americas and Oceania
417
2
The Rest of Latin America
America North of the Rio Grande
Aboriginal Australia and the Islands
Preurban Culture
419
4
Dancing the Mask
The Ritual Ball Game
The Coming Catastrophe
OVERVIEW VI THE WORLD OF INTERCONTINENTAL EMPIRES (1500-1900)
423
4
Chapter 32 CARAVELS AND CANNON THE RISE OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM (1500-1800)
427
15
Means and Motives
428
2
Ships, Compasses, and Guns
Gold, God, and Glory
The Long Reach of the West
The Overseas Empires, 1500-1800
430
6
Three Centuries of Conquest
Portugal in Asia
Spain in Latin America
The Dutch Empire
Colbert and the French Empire
English Enterprise and the English Empire
The Struggle for Global Hegemony
Conquest and Commerce
436
1
Settlement and Trading Empires
Women in the Colonies
Spices and Slaves
Sugar and Silver
Long-Range Consequences
437
5
The Modern World System: The Core
The Modern World System: The Periphery
The Columbian Exchange
The World Market and the Western Predominance
Chapter 33 FROM VERSAILLES TO VOLTAIRE EUROPE IN THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM AND ENLIGHTENMENT (1600-1800)
442
14
The European State System
443
2
Palaces, Periwigs, and Philosophy
A Balance of Powers
Absolutism and Enlightenment
The Great Powers
445
3
France Under Louis XIV: I Am the State
Prussia and Austria: Nations of Bureaucrats and Soldiers
Russia's Window on the West
England's Century of Revolution
The World of the Rising Middle Classes
448
3
Europe's New Prosperity
The Population Explosion
The Condition of Women
The Debate on Women
The Age of Reason
451
5
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
Courtly and Bourgeois Art
The Salon
Chapter 34 FADING EMPIRES AND HERMIT KINGDOMS DECLINE AND ISOLATION IN ASIA (1650-1870)
456
14
Disintegration of the Muslim Center
457
4
The End of Asian Preeminence
The Ottoman Empire Retreats
Safavid Persia Becomes a Cockpit
Mughal India Crumbles
The Far East Turns Inward
461
5
East Asia Cut Off from the Flow of History
The Manchu Conquest of China
The Qing Dynasty: Development and Decline
The Tokugawa Shoguns Seize Power in Japan
The Tokugawa Shogunate: Transformation and Tension
Cultures of a Twilight Age
466
4
A Backward Glance
Muslims and Hindus Return to the Source
Han Learning and Genroku Culture
Women in an Age of Change
Chapter 35 THE WORLD OF SHAKA ZULU TURMOIL AND TRANSFORMATION IN AFRICA (1770-1870)
470
13
New Nations of West Africa
471
3
New States South of the Sahara
The Jihad States: The Sokoto Caliphate
Centralized Monarchies of the Rain Forest: The Ashanti Confederacy
New African Nations East and South
474
2
East African Powers: Egypt and Zanzibar
The Rebirth of Ethiopia
The Zulus and the Mfecane States of South Africa
Political and Economic Changes
476
3
Structural Transformations
State-Building and State Power
Evolving Commerical Networks
Interaction with Outside Forces
Traditional Culture in an Age of Transition
479
4
Society and Community
Art and Life
Development or Disintegration?
Chapter 36 BARRICADES, BALLOTS, AND STEAM EUROPE'S AGE OF REVOLUTION AND RESTRUCTURING (1760-1900)
483
19
The French Revolution
484
3
Breakthroughs
Storming the Bastille
Causes of the French Revolution
Course of the Revolution
Napoleon Conquers Europe--and Meets His Waterloo
The Industrial Revolution
487
2
Energy Revolutions
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
England and the Age of Steam
Main Currents of the Nineteenth Century
489
6
Patterns: Revolutions and Political Change
The Birth of the Modern Ideologies
The Spread of the Industrial Revolution
An Evolving Society
Women Challenge the System
The Cavalcade of Nations
495
2
Britain in an Age of Reform
France's Century of Revolution
Bismarck and German Unification
Italian Unification
Russia Resists Change
The Climax of European Culture
497
5
Moods: Romanticism
Moods: Materialism
Art and the Image of the Age
Chapter 37 LIBERATORS AND ROBBER BARONS THE AMERICAS FROM COLONIES TO COUNTRIES (1770-1900)
502
19
The United States Takes Shape
503
7
A Century of Change
The Thirteen Colonies
The American Revolution
The Development of Democracy
Economic Growth and Territorial Expansion
Civil War: Unity Affirmed
The Gilded Age
The Independence of American Women
Problems of the Growing Nation
Latin America Emerges
510
6
The Latin American Colonies
The Spirit of Revolt
Latin American Wars for Independence
New Countries: The Reign of the Caudillos
Economic Problems: Haciendas and Dependency
Latin American Women
Tradition and Change
Provincial Culture
516
5
Provinces of the Western World
American Culture: Song of Myself
Latin American Culture: Gauchos and Indians
Chapter 38 MAXIM GUNS AND MERCHANT BANKERS THE CLIMAX OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM (1870-1900)
521
18
The Nature of the New Imperialism
522
2
Into the Heart of Darkness
Motives of the New Imperialists
Means: The World Down the Barrel of a Maxim Gun
Forms of Imperial Control
The Scramble for Africa
524
3
First the Treaties, Then the Troops
Britian and Indirect Imperialism
An Extension of France Overseas
Other Powers Seek Their Places in the Sun
The Exploitation of Asia
527
5
Loans and Rights of Way
Great-Power Competition in the Middle East
Britain and France in India and Southeast Asia
The Opening of Japan
The Open Door to China
Internal Imperialism
532
4
Pacifying, Settling, Civilizing
Russia's Eastward Expansion
America's Western Expansion
Climax of the Modern World System
536
3
An Evolving System
Core and Periphery
Global Impact of the World System
OVERVIEW VII THE WORLD IN TUMULT (1900-1945)
539
3
Chapter 39 QUEEN VICTORIA'S JUBILEE WESTERN GLOBAL SUPREMACY (1900-1914)
542
18
Europe and North America
543
6
Celebrating Western Supremacy
Turn of the Century
Britain and France: Europe's Liberal Powers
Germany and Italy: The New Nations
Austria and Russia: Dying Dynasties
The United States: The New Great Power of the West
Asia and Latin America
549
3
China: Self-Strengthening That Failed
Japan: The New Great Power of the East
Latin America: Economic Dependency
Mexico and the ABC Powers: Progress and Poverty
The Western Empires and Colonial Resistance
552
2
The View from Shepheard's Hotel
The Resistance
Khartoum and the Little Big Horn
Imperialism and the Drift Toward Global Unity
554
6
The Impact of the West on Non-Western Cultures
Material Impact of Imperialism
Cultural Impact of Imperialism
Economic Integration
The Population Explosion and Urbanization
The West Had a Problem
Chapter 40 MACHINE GUNS AND BARBED WIRE WORLD WAR I (1914-1919)
560
13
Causes of the First World War
561
2
Assassination at Sarajevo
Nationalism, Economics, and Militarism
Imperial Rivalries
The Course of the War
563
5
Leaders and Campaigns
Trench Warfare and Total War
European Colonies and the War
Non-European Powers and the War
Consequences of the War to End War
568
5
Casualties: Ten Million Dead
A Bad Peace and a Shaken Society
Growing Empires and New Powers
New Visions: The League of Nations
Chapter 41 FLAPPERS AND BREAD LINES THE WEST BETWEEN THE WARS (1919-1939)
573
13
Trends of the Twenties and Thirties
574
5
Flappers and Fellahin
The World Economy in Trouble
Technology in the Age of Ford
Class Conflict
Women's Emancipation
Locarno, Disarmament, and the Dream of Peace
The Western Democracies Between the Wars
579
7
Jazz Age America
FDR and the New Deal
Britain Muddles Through
France's Maginot-Line Mentality
The Commonwealth Countries: Capable of Coping
The Latin American Nations: Voices for Ideals
Chapter 42 THE WORLD CONVULSED BY REVOLUTIONS RUSSIA, CHINA, MEXICO (1910-1949)
586
20
The Spread of Ideological Revolution
587
1
The Central Role of Ideology
Scope and Scale of the Long Revolutions
The Russian Revolution
588
5
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
The Revolutions of 1917
The Russian Civil War
The Stalin Revolution
The Mexican Revolution
593
2
An Impregnable Caudillo
Villa, Zapata, and the Violent Decade
Cardenas and the PRI
Civil War in China
595
5
The Legacy of Sun Yixian
Warlords and Student Rebels
Jiang Jieshi Versus Mao Zedong
Mao's Victory
Colonial Challenges to Western Predominance
600
6
Emergence of Westernized Anti-Western Movements
India: Gandhi and the Congress Party
Africa: The Anti-Imperialists Organize
Chapter 43 THE TOTALITARIAN YEARS DICTATORSHIPS IN MANY LANDS (1917-1945)
606
15
The Flight from Freedom
607
2
Sources of Authoritarianism
Defining Totalitarianism
Fascism in Italy
609
1
The Rise of Mussolini
Authority, Direction, Order
Nazism in Germany
610
4
Origins of Nazism
Failure of the Weimar Republic
Hitler in Power
Nazism and the Holocaust
Communism in Russia
614
3
Sources of Communist Tyranny
Stalin's Iron Age
The Stalinist Terror
Authoritarianism in Asia, Europe, and Latin America
617
4
Japan: The Failure of Zaibatsu Liberalism
Rise of the Militarists: The Day of the Assassins
A Great Authoritarian Tide
Chapter 44 BLITZKRIEG AND BURNING CITIES WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)
621
18
Causes of the Second World War
622
4
Long-Range Causes
Italian and Japanese Aggression
The Spanish Civil War
German Aggression
War Around the World: Axis Victories
626
4
The First Global War
The German Blitzkrieg
The Battle of Britain
Barbarossa and Pearl Harbor
War Around the World: Allied Triumph
630
4
The Allied Counterattack: North Africa and Italy
Stalingrad and D-Day
Asia and the Pacific War
Allied Victory: Berlin to Tokyo
Consequences of World War II
634
5
Total War
Women at War
Casualties and Destruction: Fifty Million Dead
OVERVIEW VIII GLOBAL CONFLICT AND GLOBALIZATION (1945-2000)
639
3
Chapter 45 THE LONG TWILIGHT STRUGGLE THE COLD WAR (1945-1990)
642
21
The Postwar World
643
4
A World in Ruins
The Peace Settlement
Postwar Recovery
The United Nations
The Beginnings of the Cold War
647
4
The Superpowers: The U.S.A. Versus the U.S.S.R.
Postwar Gains of the Superpowers
Conflicts After the War
Confrontations Around the World
651
6
Conflict in Central Europe
Rebellion in Eastern Europe
Revolution in Latin America
War in Asia
Confrontation Between the Superpowers
The End of the Cold War
657
6
Coexistence and Detente
The Arms Race and Disarmament
The Collapse of the Soviet Bloc
Phasing Out the Cold War
Chapter 46 THE AGE OF UHURU THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN EMPIRES (1945-1990)
663
15
Freedom and Conflict in the Third World
664
3
New Nations Around the World
Causes of the Collapse of the Intercontinental Empires
Patterns of the Liberation Struggle
Regional and Traditional Sources of Conflict
The Winds of Change in Africa
667
4
Ghana and Algeria: Two Roads to Liberation
Conflict in Kenya
Congo Crisis
The Long Struggle in South Africa
Asia in Arms
671
7
Israel and the Arab World
Struggle for Power in the Middle East
India Versus Pakistan
War in Southeast Asia
China and Its Ancient Sphere
Chapter 47 FROM SKYCRAPERS TO THE INTERNET THE INDUSTRIAL NATIONS (1945-2000)
678
18
Strategies for Progress: The U.S.A. in the American Epoch
679
4
Power Structures, East and West
Postwar Problems and Predominance
The Turbulent Sixties
The Conservative Years
Boom Times and Political Realignment
Strategies for Progress: Western Europe and East Asia
683
3
Germany: Revival and Reunification
Western Europe: Prosperity and Community
Japan: The New Economic Superpower
The East Asian Rim: South Korea to Singapore
Peoples of Plenty: From Canada to Israel
Development and Disaster: The U.S.S.R. and the Communist Bloc
686
3
Soviet Achievements--and Unsolved Problems
Gorbachev and the Soviet Collapse
The Yeltsin Years
Eastern Europe: From Slow Growth to Rebirth
Looming Problems: Development and Nationalism
The Society of the Global North
689
7
The Cityscapes of the Twentieth Century
New Technologies: From the Jet Plane to the Internet
The Helicopter Economy
Liberated Women, Restless Youth
Chapter 48 FROM GLOBAL VILLAGE TO GLOBAL CITY THE DEVELOPING NATIONS (1945-2000)
696
13
The Politics of Development: Asia
697
5
Patterns of Power: Military Rule, One-Party Rule--and Revolution
China's Long Road to Development
India: The World's Largest Democracy
Arab Nationalism and Islamic Resurgence
Mounting Tensions in Asia
The Politics of Development: Africa and Latin America
702
2
Black Africa's Struggle
Hopes, Fears and a Major Breakthrough in Africa
Latin American Revolutions
Latin American Problems and Prospects
The Society of the Global South
704
5
Village People
The Third World City
Problems of Developing Nations
Chapter 49 FROM ELIOT TO AFRO-POP THE DRIFT TOWARD GLOBAL CULTURE (1900-2000)
709
16
A Disintegrating World View
710
3
From Atoms to Outer Space
Psychology and Sociobiology
From Existentialism to Deconstruction
Art Among the 'Isms
713
6
The Rise of Modernism
Modernism Around the World
Revolutionary Commitments in the Arts
Totalitarian Propaganda in the Arts
The Rise of Postmodernism
Postmodernism Around the World
Continental Cultures
719
2
European Literature Bears Witness
America's Cultural Critique
Latin American Magical Realism
Africa's Search for Cultural Identity
Asia's Confrontation with Cultural Change
Popular Culture with a Global Reach
721
4
Creeds, Cults, and Fundamentalisms
Folk Art Goes Cosmopolitan
Popular Arts from Music to the Movies
Counterflow: The Rest and the West
Chapter 50 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE GLOBAL FUTURE GLOBALIZATION AND ITS FOES
725
The Drift Toward One World
726
5
Technological Links
Economic Interdependence
Similar Social Systems
International Organizations
Global People
Resistance to Globalization
731
Champions of Traditional Values
Casualties of International Capitalism
Political Passions Unleashed
Military Flashpoints
Interesting Times
INDEX
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