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Tables of Contents for Online Counseling
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
CONTRIBUTORS
XV
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS
XVII
FOREWORD
XXI
PATRICK H. DELEON & MORGAN T. SAMMONS
INTRODUCTION
XXXVII
RON KRAUS, JASON S. ZACK & GEORGE STRICKER
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XLI
RON KRAUS, JASON S. ZACK & GEORGE STRICKER
PART I THE NEW MEDIUM: HISTORY & RESEARCH
1 ONLINE BEHAVIOR, COMMUNICATION, AND EXPERIENCE
MICHAEL A. FENICHEL
Life in Cyberspacce
5
6
Communicating Accurately and Effectively
6
1
Phenomenology of 21st-Century Daily Life
7
2
Online Behavior in Clinical Practice
9
2
Social Connectedness: Life in the 21st Century
11
2
Conclusion
13
1
Key Terms
13
3
Study Questions
16
1
Suggested Readings
17
1
References
18
2
2 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TEXT RELATIONSHIPS
JOHN SULER
Let's Text: Writing Skills, Styles, Attitudes
20
28
The Absence of Face-to-Face Cues
22
3
Temporal Fluidity: Synchronicity and Asynchronicity
25
3
Disinhibition
28
3
Fluid and Transcended Space
31
1
Social Multiplicity
32
2
Recordability: Archives and Quoted Text
34
2
Media Disruption
36
1
The Message Body
37
3
Message Peripherals
40
4
Text Talk in Real Time
44
2
Integration: Crossing the Next Boundary
46
2
Summary
48
1
Key Terms
48
2
Study Questions
50
1
References
50
1
3 ONLINE COUNSELING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
JOHN M. GROHOL
The Early Roots of Online Counseling
51
3
Talking to a Computer
53
1
The Rise of Support Groups Online
54
3
Bulletin Board Systems
54
1
Newsgroups and Special Interest Forums
55
1
Mailing Lists
56
1
Opening the Door to Online Counseling
56
1
The Early Days of Online Counseling
57
2
The Free Pioneers
58
1
Fee-for-Service Comes of Age
59
6
Heading into the Mainstream
61
1
Growth of Commercial Services
61
3
The Need for Guidance
64
1
Online Counseling Today
65
1
Key Terms
66
1
Study Questions
67
1
References
67
3
4 ONLINE COUNSELING RESEARCH
MICHAEL J. MALLEN
Introduction to Process and Outcome Research
70
1
Moving Toward Online Counseling Research
71
5
Early Approaches to Online Counseling Research
72
2
Computer-Mediated Treatment for Eating Disorders
74
1
The Acceptance of Online Counseling
75
1
Online Counseling Compared to Face-to-Face Counseling
76
8
Computer-Mediated Communication Literature
79
1
Guide for Researchers
80
3
Dealing with Resistance
83
1
Conclusion
84
1
Key Terms
84
1
Study Questions
85
1
References
86
8
PART II THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ONLINE COUNSELING
5 TECHNOLOGY OF ONLINE COUNSELING
JASON S. ZACK
General Considerations
94
1
Getting Started--The Basics
95
6
Computer
96
1
Internet Connection
96
2
A Web Browser
98
1
An Email Account
98
1
An Email Program
99
1
A Chat Program
99
1
A Videoconferencing Program and Webcam
99
1
A Website
100
1
A Domain Name
100
1
Web-Hosting Service
101
1
Security Software/Hardware
101
1
Understanding the Internet
101
2
What Is the Internet?
102
1
Understanding the Web
103
1
Understanding Email
104
2
Standard Email
104
1
Webmail
105
1
Understanding Text-Chat
106
1
Understanding Videoconferencing
107
1
Understanding Forms and Document Sharing
108
1
Understanding Security
109
6
Risk Points
110
1
Countermeasures and Best Practices
111
4
Common Problems
115
Newbie Problems
115
1
Browser Problems
115
1
Platform Problems
116
1
Full Mailboxes
116
1
Misdirection and Missing Attachments
116
1
Disconnection
116
1
Firewall Problems
117
Technology Trends in Online Counseling
111
7
Conclusion
118
1
Key Terms
118
3
Study Questions
121
1
References
121
2
6 ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROVIDERS OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ONLINE
RON KRAUS
Introduction
123
1
A Communications Revolution: The Age of Immediate Access
124
1
What Is Ethical? What Is Moral? Why Is Ethical Behavior Important?
125
3
Ethics: The Philosophical and Religious Foundation
126
1
Ethics: The Legal Side
126
1
The Psychology of Business: The Value of Trust
127
1
What Is Psychotherapy?
128
2
Is It Ethical to Provide Psychotherapy Online?
128
1
What Constitutes Treatment or Therapy?
129
1
Ethical Considerations for Online Practice
130
9
A New Medium: Know the Potential, Recognize Limits, and Inform Clients
130
1
The Possibility of In-Office Care and a Contingency Arrangement
131
1
Why it Is Important to Know the Identity of an Online Client
131
1
Delivering Clinical Services Across State Jurisdictional Lines
132
2
Understanding Risks to Confidentiality of Online Communications
134
1
The Limits of Confidentiality
135
1
Keeping Private Communications and Date Secure
136
1
Who Covers the Cost of Treatment Online?
136
1
Quality Assurance and Dispute Resolution
137
1
Record Keeping
137
1
Mastery of the New Medium
138
1
Issues of Privacy: The HIPAA Regulations
138
1
Summary
139
1
Guide for Further Study and Some Recommendations
139
2
Understand the Regulations
139
1
Work Carefully and Within Ethical Limits
140
1
Learn More about the Online Medium-its Limits and Benefits-and Educate Clients
140
1
Continue to Educate Self and Others
140
1
Promote Higher Standards of Practice Online
141
1
Key Terms
141
2
References
143
2
7 THE BUSINESS ASPECTS OF ONLINE COUNSELING
RON KRAUS & JASON S. ZACK
The Industry: Health Care in the United States
145
1
What Is Telehealth? What Are the Benefits of Services Online?
146
3
The Search for Help Online
147
2
The Numbers: U.S. Clinicians/Internet and Income
149
2
Summary
151
1
Setting Up a Practice Online
151
7
Registering a Domain Name
151
1
The Value of a Trademark
152
1
Building a Website: Features, Tools, Billing, and Security
152
1
Promoting the Virtual
153
1
Office Management
154
1
Training and Preparation for the New Business
155
1
Network Membership: Benefits and Risks
156
1
Malpractice Insurance Coverage
157
1
Setting Fees
157
1
Donating Professional Services
158
1
Conclusion and Summary
158
1
Key Terms
158
1
References
159
5
PART III CLINICAL ISSUES IN ONLINE COUNSELING
8 ONLINE COUNSELING SKILLS PART I: TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND SKILLS FOR CONDUCTING COUNSELING ONLINE
ELIZABETH ZELVIN & CEDRIC M. SPEYER
Fit and Appropriateness
164
12
Who Should Be Doing Online Counseling?
164
2
Length of Treatment
166
3
Treatment Structure
169
7
Summary
176
1
Key Terms
177
2
Study Questions
179
1
References
180
2
9 ONLINE COUNSELING SKILLS PART II: IN-SESSION SKILLS
GARY S. STOFLE & PETER J. CHECHELE
Engagement Skills
182
2
Chat
182
1
Email
183
1
Sessional Contracting Skills
184
2
Chat
184
1
Email
185
1
Therapy/Teaching/Training Skills
186
4
Chat
186
3
Email
189
1
Supportive Confrontational Skills
190
3
Chat
190
2
Email
192
1
Sessional Summary Skills
193
1
Chat
193
1
Email
193
1
Summary and Conclusions
194
1
Key Terms
195
1
Study Questions
195
1
References
195
2
10 ONLINE COUNSELING GROUPS
DONNA R. BELLAFIORE, YVETTE COLÓN & PAUL ROSENBERG
Support and Therapeutic Groups
197
2
Online Versus Face-to-Face Therapy
199
1
Online Behavior
199
2
Online Versus Face-to-Face Groups
201
4
Program Delivery
202
1
Program Design
203
2
Technology
205
5
Videoconferencing
205
2
A Word of Caution
207
1
Confidentiality
207
1
Security
208
1
Accountability
208
1
Hello and Good-bye
209
1
Conflict
210
1
Client Responses to Online Therapy
210
1
Role of the Facilitator
211
2
Technology Will Continue to Evolve
213
1
Conclusion
213
1
Key Terms
214
1
Study Questions
215
1
References
215
4
11 INTERNET-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND ASSESSMENT
AZY BARAK & TOM BUCHANAN
Purposes of Online Assessment
219
2
Psychological Evaluation
219
1
Psychotherapeutic Diagnostics
220
1
Self-Exploration and Self-Awareness
221
1
Types and Methods of Online Psychological Testing
221
2
Nontesting Online Assessment Procedures
223
2
Advantages of Online Procedures for Psychological Assessment
225
2
Disadvantages of Online Assessment Relative to Traditional Methods
227
3
Ethical and Legal Issues
230
3
Summary
233
1
Key Terms
234
1
Study Questions
235
1
References
235
7
12 INTERNATIONAL AND MULTICULTURAL ISSUES IN ONLINE COUNSELING
ADRIAN E.G. SKINNER & GARY LATCHFORD
Cultural Issues in Counseling
242
3
Perceptions of the Therapist About the Client
243
1
Perceptions of the Client About the Therapist
243
1
Language
243
1
The Cultural Context of Models of Counseling
244
1
The Impact of Online Counseling
244
1
Ethics
245
7
Issues of Security: The Identity of the Therapist
246
2
Issues of Security: The Identity of the Client
248
1
Security of the Transaction
248
1
Issues of Safety: Protection and Redress of Grievance
249
1
Limits of Confidentiality
250
1
Access to Support
250
1
Multicultural Competence
250
1
Prepare to Be Assimilated!
251
1
Summary
252
1
Key Terms
252
1
References
253
5
PART IV A LOOK TO THE FUTURE OF ONLINE COUNSELING
13 THE FUTURE OF ONLINE COUNSELING
LEONARD HOLMES & MARTHA AINSWORTH
Private Practice Online Counseling
258
10
Communication Security
259
1
Internet as a Component of Treatment Programs
260
1
Video and Audio
261
1
Attitudes of Society
262
1
Economic Issues
262
2
Licensure Issues
264
4
Conclusion
268
1
References
268
1
INDEX
269