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Tables of Contents for Psychological Testing and Assessment
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xvii
PART I An Overview
Psychological Testing and Assessment
1
30
Testing and Assessment
1
15
Psychological Testing and Assessment Defined
1
4
The Tools of Psychological Assessment
5
11
Who, What, Why, and Where?
16
1
Who Are the Parties?
16
4
In What Types of Settings Are Assessments Conducted, and Why?
20
6
Where to Go for Authoritative Information: Reference Sources
26
Close-Up Types of Computer-Generated Psychological Reports
13
6
Everyday Psychometrics ``The Following Film Is Rated PG-13'' . . . But Whodunnit? How? And Why?
19
11
Self-Assessment
30
1
Web Watch
30
1
Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations
31
31
A Historical Perspective
31
6
Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century
31
1
The Nineteenth Century
32
3
The Twentieth Century
35
2
Culture and Assessment
37
8
Evolving Interest in Culture-Related Issues
38
2
Some Issues Regarding Culture and Assessment
40
3
Tests and Group Membership
43
2
Legal and Ethical Considerations
45
5
The Concerns of the Public
45
4
The Concerns of the Profession
49
8
The Rights of Testtakers
57
Close-Up Assessment, Admissions, and Affirmative Action: Grutter v. Bollinger et al. (2003)
50
5
Everyday Psychometrics Life-or-Death Psychological Assessment
55
5
Self-Assessment
60
1
Web Watch
61
1
PART II The Science of Psychological Measurement
A Statistics Refresher
62
30
Scales of Measurement
63
5
Nominal Scales
64
1
Ordinal Scales
65
1
Interval Scales
66
1
Ratio Scales
66
1
Measurement Scales in Psychology
66
2
Describing Data
68
15
Frequency Distributions
69
5
Measures of Central Tendency
74
3
Measures of Variability
77
4
Skewness
81
1
Kurtosis
82
1
The Normal Curve
83
3
The Area Under the Normal Curve
83
3
Standard Scores
86
1
z Scores
87
1
T Scores
87
1
Other Standard Scores
88
Everyday Psychometrics Consumer (of Graphed Data), Beware!
73
11
Close-Up The Normal Curve and Psychological Tests
84
6
Self-Assessment
90
1
Web Watch
91
1
Of Tests and Testing
92
37
Some Assumptions About Psychological Testing and Assessment
92
6
Assumption 1: Psychological Traits and States Exist
92
2
Assumption 2: Psychological Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured
94
1
Assumption 3: Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior
95
1
Assumption 4: Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses
96
1
Assumption 5: Various Sources of Error Are Part of the Assessment Process
96
1
Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment Can Be Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner
97
1
Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society
97
1
What's a ``Good Test''?
98
1
Reliability
98
1
Validity
98
1
Other Considerations
99
1
Norms
99
15
Standardization, Sampling, and Norming
103
3
Types of Norms
106
3
Fixed Reference Group Scoring Systems
109
1
Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion-Referenced Evaluation
110
4
Correlation and Inference
114
11
The Concept of Correlation
114
1
The Pearson r
115
2
The Spearman Rho
117
1
Graphic Representations of Correlation
118
4
Regression
122
3
Inference From Measurement
125
1
Meta-Analysis
125
1
Culture and Inference
125
Everyday Psychometrics Putting Tests to the Test
100
11
Close-Up Good Ol' Norms and the GRE
111
16
Self-Assessment
127
1
Web Watch
128
1
Reliability
129
27
The Concept of Reliability
129
3
Sources of Error Variance
130
2
Reliability Estimates
132
9
Test-Retest Reliability Estimates
132
1
Parallel-Forms and Alternate-Forms Reliability Estimates
133
2
Split-Half Reliability Estimates
135
2
Other Methods of Estimating Internal Consistency
137
3
Measures of Inter-Scorer Reliability
140
1
Using and Interpreting a Coefficient of Reliability
141
8
The Purpose of the Reliability Coefficient
141
1
The Nature of the Test
142
4
Alternatives to the True Score Model
146
3
Reliability and Individual Scores
149
1
The Standard Error of Measurement
149
3
The Standard Error of the Difference Between Two Scores
152
Close-Up The Reliability of the Bayley-II
143
4
Everyday Psychometrics The Reliability Defense and the Breathalyzer Test
147
8
Self-Assessment
155
1
Web Watch
155
1
Validity
156
34
The Concept of Validity
156
3
Face Validity
158
1
Content Validity
159
4
The Quantification of Content Validity
159
2
Culture and the Relativity of Content Validity
161
2
Criterion-Related Validity
163
12
What Is a Criterion?
163
1
Concurrent Validity
164
1
Predictive Validity
164
11
Construct Validity
175
6
Evidence of Construct Validity
176
5
Validity, Bias, and Fairness
181
1
Test Bias
181
3
Test Fairness
184
Close-Up Base Rates and Predictive Validity
172
14
Everyday Psychometrics Adjustment of Test Scores by Group Membership: Fairness in Testing or Foul Play?
186
2
Self-Assessment
188
1
Web Watch
189
1
Test Development
190
42
Test Conceptualization
190
4
Some Preliminary Questions
191
2
Pilot Work
193
1
Test Construction
194
17
Scaling
194
7
Writing Items
201
9
Scoring Items
210
1
Test Tryout
211
1
What Is a Good Item?
212
1
Item Analysis
212
13
The Item-Difficulty Index
212
2
The Item-Reliability Index
214
1
The Item-Validity Index
214
1
The Item-Discrimination Index
215
2
Item-Characteristic Curves
217
3
Other Considerations in Item Analysis
220
2
Qualitative Item Analysis
222
3
Test Revision
225
1
Test Revision as a Stage in New Test Development
225
1
Test Revision in the Life Cycle of an Existing Test
226
Everyday Psychometrics Psychometrics in the Classroom
195
12
Close-Up Designing an Item Bank
207
24
Self-Assessment
231
1
Web Watch
231
1
PART III The Assessment of Intelligence
Intelligence and Its Measurement
232
32
What Is Intelligence?
232
11
Intelligence Defined: Views of the Lay Public
233
1
Intelligence Defined: Views of Scholars and Test Professionals
234
2
Factor-Analytic Theories of Intelligence
236
5
The Information-Processing View
241
2
Measuring Intelligence
243
3
Types of Tasks Used in Intelligence Tests
243
1
Theory in Intelligence Test Development and Interpretation
244
2
Intelligence: Some Issues
246
15
Nature Versus Nurture
246
4
The Stability of Intelligence
250
1
Other Issues
251
10
A Perspective
261
Everyday Psychometrics Being Gifted
252
6
Close-Up Culture Fair/Culture Loaded
258
4
Self-Assessment
262
1
Web Watch
263
1
Tests of Intelligence
264
36
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
265
8
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales: Fifth Edition
268
5
The Wechsler Tests
273
13
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)
275
4
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)
279
3
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III)
282
2
Wechsler, Binet, and the Short Form
284
2
The Wechsler Tests in Perspective
286
1
Other Measures of Intelligence
286
1
Tests Designed for Individual Administration
286
5
Tests Designed for Group Administration
291
5
Measures of Specific Intellectual Abilities
296
Close-Up Factor Analysis
287
6
Everyday Psychometrics The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB): A Test You Can Take
293
5
Self-Assessment
298
1
Web Watch
298
2
Preschool and Educational Assessment
300
35
Preschool Assessment
300
5
Tools of Preschool Assessment
301
4
Achievement Tests
305
6
Measures of General Achievement
306
1
Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
307
4
Aptitude Tests
311
7
The Elementary School Level
313
1
The Secondary School Level
314
2
The College Level and Beyond
316
2
Diagnostic Tests
318
3
Reading Tests
319
1
Math Tests
320
1
Other Diagnostic Tests
321
1
Psychoeducational Test Batteries
321
8
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)
322
2
The Differential Ability Scales (DAS)
324
3
The Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III)
327
2
Other Tools of Assessment in Educational Settings
329
1
Performance, Portfolio, and Authentic Assessment
329
2
Peer Appraisal Techniques
331
1
Measuring Study Habits, Interests, and Attitudes
332
Everyday Psychometrics First Impressions
302
7
Close-Up Tests of Minimum Competency
309
24
Self-Assessment
333
1
Web Watch
333
2
PART IV The Assessment of Personality
Personality Assessment: An Overview
335
41
Personality and Personality Assessment Defined
335
5
Personality
335
1
Personality Assessment
336
1
Traits, Types, and States
336
4
Personality Assessment: Some Basic Questions
340
15
Who?
341
4
What?
345
2
Where?
347
1
How?
347
8
Developing Instruments to Assess Personality
355
15
Logic and Reason
356
1
Theory
356
1
Data Reduction Methods
357
2
Criterion Groups
359
11
Personality Assessment and Culture
370
1
Acculturation and Related Considerations
370
Everyday Psychometrics Some Common Item Formats
350
22
Close-Up Assessing Acculturation and Related Variables
372
2
Self-Assessment
374
1
Web Watch
375
1
Personality Assessment Methods
376
43
Objective Methods
376
2
Projective Methods
378
24
Inkblots as Projective Stimuli
379
5
Pictures as Projective Stimuli
384
7
Words as Projective Stimuli
391
3
Sounds as Projective Stimuli
394
1
The Production of Figure Drawings
395
4
Projective Methods in Perspective
399
3
Behavioral Assessment Methods
402
15
The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How of It
404
3
Approaches to Behavioral Assessment
407
7
Issues in Behavioral Assessment
414
3
A Perspective
417
Everyday Psychometrics Confessions of a Behavior Rater
408
7
Close-Up Personality, Life Outcomes, and College Yearbook Photos
415
3
Self-Assessment
418
1
Web Watch
418
1
PART V Testing and Assessment in Action
Clinical and Counseling Assessment
419
39
An Overview
419
4
Clinical Assessment and Managed Care
421
1
The Diagnosis of Mental Disorders
421
2
The Interview
423
11
Types of Interviews
424
4
Psychometric Aspects of the Interview
428
1
Cultural Aspects of the Interview
429
5
Case History Data
434
1
Psychological Tests
435
1
The Psychological Test Battery
435
1
Special Applications of Clinical Measures
436
16
The Assessment of Addiction and Substance Abuse
436
2
Forensic Psychological Assessment
438
8
Custody Evaluations
446
2
Child Abuse and Neglect
448
4
The Psychological Report
452
1
The Barnum Effect
452
3
Clinical Versus Mechanical Prediction
455
Close-Up Assessment of Dangerousness and the Secret Service
440
13
Everyday Psychometrics Elements of a Typical Report of Psychological Assessment
453
4
Self-Assessment
457
1
Web Watch
457
1
Neuropsychological Assessment
458
32
The Nervous System and Behavior
458
4
Neurological Damage and the Concept of Organicity
459
3
The Neuropsychological Examination
462
21
History Taking, the Case History, and Case Studies
464
2
The Interview
466
1
The Physical Examination
467
2
Neuropsychological Tests
469
13
Neuropsychological Test Batteries
482
3
Other Tools of Neuropsychological Assessment
485
Close-Up Fixed Versus Flexible Neuropsychological Test Batteries and the Law
483
3
Everyday Psychometrics Medical Diagnostic Aids and Neuropsychological Assessment
486
2
Self-Assessment
488
1
Web Watch
488
2
The Assessment of People With Disabilities
490
30
An Overview
490
14
Disability Defined
491
6
Assessment and Accommodation
497
3
Disability, Assessment, and the Workplace
500
4
Assessment and Specific Disabilities
504
1
Visual Disabilities
504
3
Hearing Disabilities
507
3
Visual/Hearing Disabilities
510
1
Motor Disabilities
511
1
Cognitive Disabilities
512
4
Biopsychosocial Assessment
516
1
Disability as a Diversity Issue
517
Everyday Psychometrics Public Law 105-17 and Everyday Practice
493
9
Close-Up Expert Testimony
502
16
Self-Assessment
518
1
Web Watch
519
1
Assessment, Careers, and Business
520
1
Career Choice and Career Transition
520
16
Measures of Interest
521
3
Measures of Ability and Aptitude
524
7
Measures of Personality
531
3
Other Measures
534
2
Screening, Selection, Classification, and Placement
536
8
The Resume and the Letter of Application
537
1
The Application Form
537
1
Letters of Recommendation
538
1
Interviews
538
1
Portfolio Assessment
539
1
Performance Tests
539
2
Physical Tests
541
3
Productivity, Motivation, Attitude, and Organizational Culture
544
9
Measures of Cognitive Ability
544
1
Productivity
545
2
Motivation
547
4
Attitude
551
1
Organizational Culture
552
1
Other Applications of Tools of Assessment
553
1
Consumer Psychology
554
2
The Measurement of Attitudes
556
3
Motivation Research Methods
559
Close-Up Validity Generalization and the GATB
527
27
Everyday Psychometrics Assessment of Corporate and Organizational Culture
554
10
Self-Assessment
564
1
Web Watch
564
References
1
1
Credits
1
1
Name Index
1
1
Glossary/Index
1