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Tables of Contents for Mass Media Law 2003-2004
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
The American Legal System
1
32
Sources of the Law
2
13
The Common Law
3
4
The Law of Equity
7
2
Statutory Law
9
1
Constitutional Law
10
2
Executive orders, Administrative Rules
12
2
Summary
14
1
The Judicial System
15
17
Facts versus the law
15
2
The Federal Court System
17
8
The State Court System
25
2
Judicial Review
27
1
Lawsuits
28
2
Summary
30
2
Bibliography
32
1
The First Amendment
33
40
Historical Development
34
4
Freedom of the Press in England
34
1
Freedom of the Press in Colonial America
35
2
Summary
37
1
The First Amendment
38
7
The New Constitution
38
2
Freedom of Expression in the 18th Century
40
1
Freedom of Expression Today
41
4
Summary
45
1
The Meaning of Freedom
45
15
Seditious Libel and the Right to Criticize the Government
45
2
Alien and Sedition Acts
47
1
Sedition in World War I
48
1
The Smith Act
49
2
Defining the Limits of Freedom of Expression
51
8
Summary
59
1
Taxation and the Press
60
4
Summary
64
1
Prior Restraint
64
8
Near v. Minnesota
64
2
Austin v. Keefe
66
1
Pentagon Papers Case
66
3
Progressive Magazine Case
69
2
Summary
71
1
Bibliography
72
1
The First Amendment: Contemporary Problems
73
52
Prior Restraint During Wartime
74
8
War in the Persian Gulf
76
5
Summary
81
1
The First Amendment in the Schools
82
16
Censorship of the High School Press
82
7
Censorship of College Newspapers
89
4
Book Banning
93
4
Summary
97
1
Time, Place and Manner Restrictions
98
12
Forum Analysis
102
1
Public Forums
103
5
Nonpublic or Private Forums
108
1
Summary
109
1
Other Prior Restraints
110
3
Son of Sam Laws
110
1
Prior Restraint and Protests
111
1
Summary
112
1
Hate Speech/Fighting Words
113
2
Summary
115
1
The First Amendment and Election Campaigns
115
3
Summary
118
1
The First Amendment and the Information Superhighway
118
3
Bibliography
121
4
Libel: Establishing a Case
125
32
The Libel Landscape
126
6
Winning and Losing Libel Suits
121
8
The Lawsuit as a Weapon
129
2
Resolving the Problem
131
1
Summary
132
1
Law of Defamation
132
1
Elements of Libel
133
21
Publication
137
3
Identification
140
2
Group Identification
142
1
Defamation
143
7
Falsity
150
4
Summary
154
1
Bibliography
154
3
Libel: Proof of Fault
157
38
New York Times v. Sullivan
158
3
The Rationale for the Ruling
160
1
Public Persons versus Private Persons
161
20
Who Is a Public Official?
162
3
All-Purpose Public Figures
165
2
Limited-Purpose Public Figures
167
5
Lower-Court Rulings
172
4
Businesses as Public Figures
176
2
The Public Figure Over Time
178
2
Private Persons
180
1
Summary
180
1
The Meaning of Fault
181
13
Negligence
181
3
Actual Malice
184
9
Summary
193
1
Bibliography
194
1
Libel: Defenses and Damages
195
34
Summary Judgment/Statute of Limitations
196
4
Statute of Limitations
197
3
Summary
200
1
Truth
200
1
Privileged Communications
201
9
Absolute Privilege
201
1
Qualified Privilege
202
5
Neutral Reportage
207
1
Abuse of Privilege
208
2
Summary
210
1
Protection of Opinion
210
7
Rhetorical Hyperbole
210
1
The First Amendment
211
4
Fair Comment and Criticism
215
2
Summary
217
1
Defenses and Damages
217
6
Consent
217
1
Right of Reply
218
1
Damages
219
2
Retraction Statutes
221
2
Summary
223
1
Criminal Libel
223
2
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
225
3
Summary
227
1
Bibliography
228
1
Invasion of Privacy: Appropriation and Intrusion
229
36
The Right to Privacy
230
3
The Growth of Privacy Law
230
3
Privacy and the Internet
233
1
Appropriation
233
18
Use of Name or Likeness
235
5
Advertising and Trade Purposes
240
2
News and Information Exception
242
1
Other Exceptions
243
3
Consent as a Defense
246
4
Life after Death
250
1
Summary
250
1
Intrusion
251
12
Intrusion and the Internet
251
5
Intrusion and the Press
256
1
No Privacy in Public
257
2
The Use of Hidden Recording Devices
259
2
Intrusion and the Publication of Information Obtained Illegally
261
1
Summary
262
1
Bibliography
263
2
Invasion of Privacy: Publication of Private Information and False Light
265
28
Publicity about Private Facts
266
17
Publicity
267
1
Private Facts
267
5
Offensive Material
272
2
Legitimate Public Concern
274
5
Recounting the Past
279
2
Private Facts on the Internet
281
2
Summary
283
1
False Light Privacy
283
7
Fictionalization
284
2
Other Falsehoods
286
1
Highly Offensive Material
287
1
The Fault Requirement
288
2
Summary
290
1
Bibliography
290
3
Gathering Information: Records and Meetings
293
54
News Gathering and the Law
294
14
The Constitution and News Gathering
295
13
Summary
308
1
The Freedom of Information Act
308
25
Applying the Law
309
2
FOIA and Electronic Communication
311
2
Agency Records
313
3
FOIA Exemptions
316
13
Handling FOIA Requests
329
3
Federal Open-Meetings Law
332
1
Summary
333
1
State Laws on Meetings and Records
333
6
State Open-Meetings Laws
334
3
State Open-Records Laws
337
1
The Privatization of Public Government
338
1
Summary
339
1
Laws that Restrict Access to Information
339
4
School Records
339
1
The Federal Privacy Law
340
1
Criminal History Privacy Laws
341
1
State Statutes that Limit Access to Information
342
1
Summary
343
1
Bibliography
343
4
Protection of News Sources/Contempt Power
347
40
News and News Sources
349
7
The Failure to Keep a Promise
354
2
Constitutional Protection of News Sources
356
13
Lower-Court Rulings
358
6
Anonymity and the Internet
364
1
Nonconfidential Information and Waiver of the Privilege
365
1
Who Is a Journalist?
366
1
Telephone Records
367
1
Summary
368
1
Legislative and Executive Protection of News Sources
369
8
Shield Laws
369
3
Federal Guidelines
372
1
Telephone Records
373
1
Newsroom Searches
373
3
How to Respond to a Subpoena
376
1
Summary
376
1
The Contempt Power
377
8
History of Contempt
377
1
Kinds of Contempt
378
2
Limitations on Contempt Power
380
4
Collateral Bar Rule
384
1
Summary
385
1
Bibliography
385
2
Free Press/Fair Trial: Trial Level Remedies and Restrictive Orders
387
24
Prejudicial Crime Reporting
388
3
Impact on Jurors
389
1
The Law and Prejudicial News
390
1
Summary
391
1
Traditional Judicial Remedies
391
6
Voir Dire
392
2
Change of Venue
394
1
Continuance
395
1
Admonition to the Jury
395
1
Sequestration of the Jury
396
1
Summary
397
1
Restrictive Orders to Control Publicity
397
11
Restrictive Orders Aimed at the Press
399
5
Restrictive Orders Aimed at Trial Participants
404
4
Summary
408
1
Bibliography
408
3
Free Press/Fair Trial: Closed Judicial Proceedings
411
24
Closes Proceedings and Sealed Documents
412
19
Access to Trials
412
3
Closure of Other Hearings and Documents
415
3
Presumptively Open Hearings
418
3
Presumptively Open Documents
421
4
Access and the Broadcast Journalist
425
2
Recording and Televising Judicial Proceedings
427
4
Summary
431
1
Bench-Bar-Press Guidelines
431
2
Summary
432
1
Bibliography
433
2
Regulation of Obscene and Other Erotic Material
435
32
The Law of Obscenity
436
4
Early Obscenity Law
438
1
Defining Obscenity
439
1
Summary
439
1
Contemporary Obscenity Law
440
9
The Miller Test
440
4
Other Standards
444
4
Summary
448
1
Controlling Obscenity
449
4
Postal Censorship
451
1
Film Censorship
451
1
Summary
452
1
Regulation of Nonobscene Erotic Material
453
12
Zoning Laws
453
3
Attacks on the Arts
456
3
Erotic Materials in Cyberspace
459
3
Software Filters and the First Amendment
462
2
Summary
464
1
Bibliography
465
2
Copyright
467
48
Immaterial Property Law
468
5
Patents
468
1
Trademarks
468
4
Plagiarism
472
1
Roots of the Law
473
10
What May Be Copyrighted
474
3
Telephone Books and Databases
477
2
News Events
479
1
Misappropriation
480
1
Duration of Copyright Protection
481
1
Summary
482
1
Fair Use
483
12
Purpose and Character of Use
484
3
Nature of the Copyrighted Work
487
2
Amount of a Work Used
489
3
Effect of Use on Market
492
2
Application of the Criteria
494
1
Summary
495
1
Copyright Protection and Infringement
495
13
Copyright Notice
497
1
Registration
498
1
Infringement
498
7
Copyright Infringement and the Internet
505
3
Summary
508
1
Free-Lancing and Copyright
508
3
Damages
511
1
Bibliography
511
4
Regulation of Advertising
515
36
Advertising and the First Amendment
516
6
Commercial Speech Doctrine
518
4
Summary
522
1
The Regulation of Advertising
522
7
Self-Regulation
522
1
Lawsuits by Competitors and Consumers
523
3
State and Local Laws
526
1
Federal Regulation
527
1
Summary
528
1
Federal Trade Commission
529
12
False Advertising Defined
530
4
Means to Police Deceptive Advertising
534
7
Summary
541
1
The Regulatory Process
541
7
Procedures
542
1
Special Cases of Deceptive Advertising
542
3
Defenses
545
1
Advertising Agency/Publisher Liability
546
1
Summary
547
1
Bibliography
548
3
Telecommunications Regulation
551
40
History of Regulation
552
1
The Changing Philosophy of Broadcast Regulation
553
2
Summary
555
1
Basic Broadcast Regulation
555
7
Federal Communications Commission
555
2
Licensing
557
4
Summary
561
1
Regulation of Program Content
562
6
Sanctions
562
1
Regulation of Children's Programming
563
1
Obscure or Indecent Material
564
2
Violence on Television
566
2
Summary
568
1
Regulation of Political Programming
568
9
Candidate Access Rule
569
2
Equal Opportunity/Equal Time Rule
571
6
Summary
577
1
News and Public Affairs
577
4
The First Amendment
579
1
Summary
580
1
Regulation of New Technology
581
7
Cable Television
581
1
Federal Legislation Regulating Cable Television
581
7
Summary
588
1
Bibliography
588
3
Glossary
591
Table of Cases
1
16
Index
17