Table of Contents

8. Shock/hypotension/unexplained acidosis

what is/causes shock/hypotension or acidosis – underlying pathophysiologyDDX based on underlying pathophysiology – categoriesWorkup/evaluation of shock or hypotensionControversies in the evaluation shock or hypotension

9. Poor feeding/failure to thrive

what is/causes cyanosis – underlying pathophysiologyDDX based on underlying pathophysiology – categoriesWorkup/evaluation of FTTControversies in the evaluation of FTT

10. Hypertension

what is/causes hypertension – underlying pathophysiologyDDX based on underlying pathophysiology – categoriesWorkup/evaluation of HTNControversies in the evaluation of HTN

Section II. Basic pathophysiology of heart disease processes in pediatrics

1. left to right shunts

2. right to left shunts

3. transposition

4. obstruction

5. regurgitation

6. myopathies

7. electrical physiology

8. causes of heart defects – genetics

Section III. Specific heart lesions – congenital

1. Anatomic abnormalities

a. ASD

b. VSD

c. AV canal

d. PDA

e. Other left to right shunts

f. Non critical valve lesions – stenosis and regurgitation

g. Artery lesions – pulmonary and aortic, coronary

h. Vein lesions

i. Tricusid atresia

j. Tetralogy of Fallot

k. Pulmonary atresia

l. Ebstein anomaly

m. Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis

o. Cortriatum sinister

p. Mitral atresia

q. Aortic atresia

r. Coarctation of the aorta

s. TAPVR

t. Single ventricle

u. Truncus arteriosus

v. TGA

w. Pulmonary AVM’s

2. Muscle problems

3. Electrical problems

a. Bradycardia/Conduction Disturbances

b. Premature Beats (APC’s, JPC’s, VPC’s)

c. Tachyarrhythmias (Narrow complex, Wide complex)

d. Long QT Syndrome

e. Pacemakers/ICD’s

Section III. Specific heart lesions – acquired – (from trauma or disease- can involve any or all the following: anatomic,muscle or electrical).

1.Trauma

2. Inflammatory

3. Noninflammatory

4. Tumors and carcinomas involving the heart

5. Other

Section IV. Diagnostic tests used in pediatric cardiology

1. ECG

2. CXR

3. Echocardiography

4. MRI

5. Nuclear medicine tests

6. Exercise/stress tests

7. Ambulatory ECG monitoring

8. Cardiac catheterization

9. Tilt Table test

10. Electrophysiology test (Transesophageal/Intracardiac)

11. Other

Section V. Interventions in pediatric cardiology

1. Interventional cardiac catheterization

a. Closure devices

b. Stents

c. Balloon valvulplasty

d. Balloon angioplasty

2. RF Catheter Ablation

3. Congenital heart surgery

a. general overview - bypass, risks

b. specific surgical procedures including special risks, expected outcomes in each (give percentages with references) , hole closure – BT shunt, PA band, Glenn, Fontan, Ross,.ASO, Rastelli, Konno

c.postoperative problems

d.post pericardiotomy syndrome

e.wound care

f.back to sports, school

Section VI. Special management issues for the pediatrician

1. Immunizations

2. Dental care

3. Sports restrictions

4. SBE prophylaxis

5. Telemedicine

6. Office emergencies and transport

7. Fetal/neonatal emergencies and transport

8. Interactions with the consultant

9. Insurance

10. Surgical clearance – who needs to know what

11. The heart transplant patient

12. Cardiac involvement in other systemic diseases - a list of organ systems/diseases and heart issues

Section VII. Pharmacology in pediatric cardiology

1. inotropes

2. diuretics

3. vasodilators

4. antiarrhythmics

5. sedation

6. anticoagulation