Introduction.Human Factors Defined.Basic Human Anatomy.The Atmosphere.Situation Awareness.Altitude Physiology.Hearing and Vibration.Vision.Orientation.Self-Imposed Medical Stress.Environmental Stresses.Sleep, Jet Lag, and Fatigue.Acceleration.Crew Resource Management (CRM).Human Factors of Automation.Inflight Medical Emergencies.Health Maintenance Program.Medical Standards, Regulations, and Certification.Recommended Reading.