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Tables of Contents for Database Systems Concepts
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
1 Introduction
1
22
1.1 Purpose of Database Systems
1
3
1.2 View of Data
4
3
1.3 Data Models
7
5
1.4 Database Languages
12
1
1.5 Transaction Management
13
1
1.6 Storage Management
14
1
1.7 Database Administrator
15
1
1.8 Database Users
15
1
1.9 Overall System Structure
16
3
1.10 Summary
19
1
Exercises
20
1
Bibliographic Notes
20
3
2 Entity-Relationship Model
23
40
2.1 Basic Concepts
23
5
2.2 Design Issues
28
2
2.3 Mapping Constraints
30
4
2.4 Keys
34
2
2.5 Entity-Relationship Diagram
36
1
2.6 Weak Entity Sets
37
4
2.7 Extended E-R Features
41
6
2.8 Design of an E-R Database Schema
47
5
2.9 Reduction of an E-R Schema to Tables
52
6
2.10 Summary
58
1
Exercises
59
3
Bibliographic Notes
62
1
3 Relational Model
63
48
3.1 Structure of Relational Databases
63
8
3.2 The Relational Algebra
71
15
3.3 The Tuple Relational Calculus
86
4
3.4 The Domain Relational Calculus
90
4
3.5 Extended Relational-Algebra Operations
94
6
3.6 Modification of the Database
100
2
3.7 Views
102
4
3.8 Summary
106
1
Exercises
107
3
Bibliographic Notes
110
1
4 SQL
111
42
4.1 Background
111
2
4.2 Basic Structure
113
7
4.3 Set Operations
120
2
4.4 Aggregate Functions
122
2
4.5 Null Values
124
1
4.6 Nested Subqueries
125
4
4.7 Derived Relations
129
1
4.8 Views
130
1
4.9 Modification of the Database
131
5
4.10 Joined Relations
136
4
4.11 Data-Definition Language
140
5
4.12 Embedded SQL
145
3
4.13 Other SQL Features
148
1
4.14 Summary
148
1
Exercises
149
3
Bibliographic Notes
152
1
5 Other Relational Languages
153
40
5.1 Query-by-Example
153
12
5.2 Quel
165
9
5.3 Datalog
174
14
5.4 Summary
188
1
Exercises
188
2
Bibliographic Notes
190
3
6 Integrity Constraints
193
22
6.1 Domain Constraints
193
2
6.2 Referential Integrity
195
5
6.3 Assertions
200
1
6.4 Triggers
201
1
6.5 Functional Dependencies
202
8
6.6 Summary
210
1
Exercises
211
2
Bibliographic Notes
213
2
7 Relational Database Design
215
36
7.1 Pitfalls in Relational-Database Design
215
2
7.2 Decomposition
217
4
7.3 Normalization Using Functional Dependencies
221
10
7.4 Normalization Using Multivalued Dependencies
231
8
7.5 Normalization Using Join Dependencies
239
3
7.6 Domain-Key Normal Form
242
2
7.7 Alternative Approaches to Database Design
244
2
7.8 Summary
246
1
Exercises
247
3
Bibliographic Notes
250
1
8 Object-Oriented Databases
251
24
8.1 New Database Applications
251
2
8.2 The Object-Oriented Data Model
253
9
8.3 Object-Oriented Languages
262
1
8.4 Persistent Programming Languages
263
4
8.5 Persistent C++ Systems
267
4
8.6 Summary
271
1
Exercises
272
1
Bibliographic Notes
272
3
9 Object-Relational Databases
275
18
9.1 Nested Relations
275
3
9.2 Complex Types and Object Orientation
278
5
9.3 Querying with Complex Types
283
4
9.4 Creation of Complex Values and Objects
287
1
9.5 Comparison of Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases
288
1
9.6 Summary
289
1
Exercises
289
1
Bibliographic Notes
290
3
10 Storage and File Structure
293
46
10.1 Overview of Physical Storage Media
293
3
10.2 Magnetic Disks
296
5
10.3 RAID
301
6
10.4 Tertiary Storage
307
2
10.5 Storage Access
309
3
10.6 File Organization
312
6
10.7 Organization of Records in Files
318
4
10.8 Data-Dictionary Storage
322
2
10.9 Storage Structures for Object-Oriented Databases
324
8
10.10 Summary
332
1
Exercises
333
3
Bibliographic Notes
336
3
11 Indexing and Hashing
339
42
11.1 Basic Concepts
339
1
11.2 Ordered Indices
340
6
11.3 B^+ -Tree Index Files
346
10
11.4 B-Tree Index Files
356
2
11.5 Static Hashing
358
4
11.6 Dynamic Hashing
362
7
11.7 Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing
369
2
11.8 Index Definition in SQL
371
1
11.9 Multiple-Key Access
372
5
11.10 Summary
377
1
Exercises
378
1
Bibliographic Notes
379
2
12 Query Processing
381
58
12.1 Overview
381
3
12.2 Catalog Information for Cost Estimation
384
2
12.3 Measures of Query Cost
386
1
12.4 Selection Operation
386
8
12.5 Sorting
394
3
12.6 Join Operation
397
13
12.7 Other Operations
410
3
12.8 Evaluation of Expressions
413
5
12.9 Transformation of Relational Expressions
418
8
12.10 Choice of Evaluation Plans
426
6
12.11 Summary
432
2
Exercises
434
3
Bibliographic Notes
437
2
13 Transactions
439
32
13.1 Transaction Concept
439
4
13.2 Transaction State
443
2
13.3 Implementation of Atomicity and Durability
445
2
13.4 Concurrent Executions
447
4
13.5 Serializability
451
5
13.6 Recoverability
456
1
13.7 Implementation of Isolation
457
1
13.8 Transaction Definition in SQL
458
1
13.9 Testing for Serializability
459
6
13.10 Summary
465
2
Exercises
467
1
Bibliographic Notes
468
3
14 Concurrency Control
471
40
14.1 Lock-Based Protocols
471
11
14.2 Timestamp-Based Protocols
482
3
14.3 Validation-Based Protocols
485
2
14.4 Multiple Granularity
487
3
14.5 Multiversion Schemes
490
2
14.6 Deadlock Handling
492
5
14.7 Insert and Delete Operations
497
3
14.8 Concurrency in Index Structures
500
3
14.9 Summary
503
1
Exercises
504
4
Bibliographic Notes
508
3
15 Recovery System
511
32
15.1 Failure Classification
511
1
15.2 Storage Structure
512
4
15.3 Recovery and Atomicity
516
1
15.4 Log-Based Recovery
517
8
15.5 Shadow Paging
525
3
15.6 Recovery with Concurrent Transactions
528
3
15.7 Buffer Management
531
3
15.8 Failure with Loss of Nonvolatile Storage
534
1
15.9 Advanced Recovery Techniques
535
4
15.10 Summary
539
1
Exercises
540
1
Bibliographic Notes
541
2
16 Database System Architectures
543
22
16.1 Centralized Systems
544
1
16.2 Client-Server Systems
545
4
16.3 Parallel Systems
549
6
16.4 Distributed Systems
555
3
16.5 Network Types
558
2
16.6 Summary
560
1
Exercises
561
1
Bibliographic Notes
562
3
17 Parallel Databases
565
22
17.1 Introduction
565
1
17.2 I/O Parallelism
566
3
17.3 Interquery Parallelism
569
1
17.4 Intraquery Parallelism
570
1
17.5 Intraoperation Parallelism
571
8
17.6 Interoperation Parallelism
579
3
17.7 Design of Parallel Systems
582
1
17.8 Summary
583
1
Exercises
583
2
Bibliographic Notes
585
2
18 Distributed Databases
587
46
18.1 Distributed Data Storage
588
5
18.2 Network Transparency
593
3
18.3 Distributed Query Processing
596
3
18.4 Distributed Transaction Model
599
5
18.5 Commit Protocols
604
8
18.6 Coordinator Selection
612
1
18.7 Concurrency Control
613
4
18.8 Deadlock Handling
617
5
18.9 Multidatabase Systems
622
4
18.10 Summary
626
2
Exercises
628
3
Bibliographic Notes
631
2
19 Special Topics
633
36
19.1 Security and Integrity
633
11
19.2 Standardization
644
3
19.3 Performance Benchmarks
647
3
19.4 Performance Tuning
650
5
19.5 Time in Databases
655
2
19.6 User Interfaces
657
3
19.7 Active Databases
660
3
19.8 Summary
663
1
Exercises
664
2
Bibliographic Notes
666
3
20 Advanced Transaction Processing
669
28
20.1 Remote Backup Systems
669
3
20.2 Transaction-Processing Monitors
672
4
20.3 High-Performance Transaction Systems
676
3
20.4 Long-Duration Transactions
679
6
20.5 Real-Time Transaction Systems
685
1
20.6 Weak Levels of Consistency
686
1
20.7 Transactional Workflows
687
6
20.8 Summary
693
1
Exercises
694
1
Bibliographic Notes
695
2
21 New Applications
697
50
21.1 Decision-Support Systems
698
2
21.2 Data Analysis
700
2
21.3 Data Mining
702
6
21.4 Data Warehousing
708
2
21.5 Spatial and Geographic Databases
710
9
21.6 Multimedia Databases
719
3
21.7 Mobility and Personal Databases
722
4
21.8 Information-Retrieval Systems
726
5
21.9 Distributed Information Systems
731
2
21.10 The World Wide Web
733
7
21.11 Summary
740
1
Exercises
741
2
Bibliographic Notes
743
4
A Network Model
747
8
A.1 Basic Concepts
747
1
A.2 Data-Structure Diagrams
748
2
A.3 The DBTG CODASYL Model
750
2
A.4 Implementation Techniques
752
1
A.5 Discussion
752
3
B Hierarchical Model
755
8
B.1 Basic Concepts
755
1
B.2 Tree-Structure Diagrams
756
3
B.3 Implementation Techniques
759
1
B.4 The IMS Database System
760
1
B.5 Discussion
761
2
Bibliography
763
46
Index
809