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Tables of Contents for Microbiology Laboratory
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
viii
Acknowledgments
xi
Notes to the Student
xii
Materials to Be Provided by the Student
xii
Laboratory Operating Procedures
xii
A Short Illustrated Survey of Microbiology Laboratory Equipment
xiii
General Items
xiii
Safety Materials
xv
Laboratory Safety
xvi
General Rules and Regulations
xvi
Culture-Handling Procedures
xvi
Precautions for the Handling of Blood or Other Body Fluids
xvii
Laboratory Safety Rules and Regulations Contract
xix
How to Use the Laboratory Manual
xxi
Pronunciation Guide
xxii
Alphabetical Listing of Procedure Diagrams
xxiii
Section I An Introduction to Microscopy and Specimen Preparation
1
36
The Use and Care of the Microscope
7
14
The Preparation of Bacterial and Oral Smears, and the Use of Simple Stains
21
10
Techniques for the Observation of Live Organisms: The Hanging-Drop and Temporary Wet Mount
31
6
Section II Cultivation Techniques
37
51
Transfer and Colony Selection Techniques
38
8
Pour Plate and Streak Plate Techniques for Isolating Pure Cultures
46
8
The Dilution Techniques and Colony Counting
54
13
A Demonstration of Bacterial Culture Characteristics
67
10
Selected Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobes
77
11
Section III A Survey of the Microbial World
88
54
Morphological Features of Bacteria, Microscopic Measurements, and Leeuwenhoek's Peppercorn Water
92
10
Algae and Protozoa: The Protists
102
10
The Fungi: Molds, Yeasts, and Mushrooms
112
18
The Distribution of Microorganisms in the Environment
130
7
An Artificial Ecological System: The Winogradsky Column
137
5
Section IV The Differentiation of Bacterial Groups by Staining Reactions
142
18
The Gram Stain
144
7
The Acid-Fast Stain
151
9
Section V Bacterial Anatomy
160
31
Spores
163
8
Capsules
171
6
Pili, Flagella, and Motility
177
9
A Demonstration of Selected Bacterial Structures
186
5
Section VI Biochemical Activities of Microorganisms
191
75
A Demonstration of Selective and Differential Media
194
9
Extracellular Degradation of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Lipids, and DNA
203
5
Carbohydrate Metabolism: An Introduction to Intracellular Metabolism
208
5
Nitrogen Metabolism
213
5
Oxygen Utilization: Oxidase and Catalase Activities
218
6
Differential Test Patterns: The IMViC Test
224
6
Microbial Reactions in Multiple-Test Media: Litmus Milk, Triple Sugar Ion Agar, and Sulfide Indole Motility Medium
230
11
Miniaturized and Rapid Microbiological Systems
241
18
An Introduction to Bacterial Identification: An Unknown Challenge
259
7
Section VII The Control of Microorganisms by Chemical and Physical Factors
266
66
The Effectiveness of Heating Methods on Microbial Survival
268
7
The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation for Sterilization and Its Mutagenic Effects
275
8
The Effects of pH on Microorganisms
283
4
The Effects of Osmotic Factors on Microbial Growth
287
8
The Inhibitory Action of Heavy Metals and Other Chemicals
295
5
Disinfection of Selected Instruments and Equipment
300
6
A Demonstration of Sterilization by Filtration and Water Pollution Detection
306
8
The Bacteriostatic Activity of Dyes
314
5
The Antibiogram, Antibiotic Testing, and Antibiotic Resistance Detection
319
13
Section VIII Selected Activities of Viruses
332
19
Characteristics of Bacteriophages
334
9
The Uses of the Embryonated Chicken Egg (Chick Embryo) and Cell Systems to Demonstrate Animal Viruses
343
8
Section IX An Introduction to Microbial Genetics
351
27
Bacterial Conjugation
352
6
Rapid Bacterial Colony Transformation with Plasmid DNA
358
11
Bacterial Transduction
369
4
The Ames Test and the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens
373
5
Section X Applied Microbiology
378
37
The Microbiological Examination and Content of Dairy Products and Selected Foods
379
13
Cheese Making and Yogurt Production
392
10
The Preparation of A Fermented Food: Sauerkraut
402
6
Wine: A Product of Alcoholic Fermentation
408
7
Section XI Immunology
415
47
Microbial Agglutination Reactions
418
7
Survey of Commercially Available Rapid Diagnostic Tests
425
9
Agglutination: Blood Typing and Cross-Matching
434
8
The Precipitin Reaction: The Ring, or Interfacial, Test
442
3
Gel Diffusion and Radial Immunodiffusion
445
8
An Enzyme Immunoassay: The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
453
9
Section XII An Introduction to Epidemiology and Related Topics
462
38
Koch's Postulates in Action
464
13
Universal Precautions in Action
477
9
Specimen Handling and Transport
486
9
Aerosolization and Its Relationship to Laboratory and Hospital Sepsis
495
5
Section XIII Medical Microbiology
500
110
Indigenous Flora and the Antimicrobial Activity of Body Fluids
502
14
Pathogenic Microorganisms of the Skin
516
19
Pathogenic Microorganisms of the Mouth and Dental Caries
535
9
Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract
544
11
Pathogens of the Gastrointestinal Tract
555
11
Pathogenic Microorganisms Found in Blood and Selected Microbial Pathogens of the Nervous System
566
16
Pathogens of the Urogenital System and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
582
17
Methods for Identifying an Unknown Bacterial Specimen
599
11
Section XIV An Introduction to Parasitology
610
13
Helminthology and Selected Medically Important Arthropods
612
11
Section XV Experimental Exercises
623
43
The Bacterial Growth Curve
624
11
Protein Electrophoresis
635
7
DNA Restriction Analysis
642
13
Demonstration of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
655
11
Appendix 1 Answers to Photographic Quizzes
666
3
Index
669