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Product Description: Different aspects of medieval warfare form the focus for this collection of essays by both established and new scholars. They range from a reconsideration of several problems of military historiography to explorations of the medieval view of divine influence on the battlefield, and the emergence of complex strategic and tactical norms of naval warfare in the medieval Mediterranean...read more

Product Description: `Civilization consists of the attempt to reduce violence to the ultimo ratio, the final argument,' the great Spanish political philosopher JoséOrtega y Gasset once declared. This volume explores a variety of ways and purposes for which violence was employed in medieval and early modern societies, ranging from England to Spain, from Portugal to Iran...read more (view table of contents, read Amazon.com's description)