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Tables of Contents for Lead Markets
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction
1
14
Summary
1
3
Methodological Approach
4
1
Concept of the Study
5
2
Porter's Concept of the Competitive Advantage of Nations
7
1
Definition of Lead Markets
8
7
International Diffusion of Innovations: Overviews of Literature
15
50
Introduction: From Technological Gap to Adoption Lead Theory
15
3
International Variety of Innovation Designs
18
11
International differences of demand preferences
19
1
Cultural factors of the demand for innovations
20
2
The theory of induced innovation
22
1
Intra-industry trade
23
1
Global convergence of markets
24
2
Localised learning and path dependency
26
3
Competing Technologies and Dominant Designs
29
14
Dominant designs
30
2
Economies of adoption and complementary goods
32
3
Technical choice under global externalities
35
2
Technology choice under local externalities
37
4
International standardisation
41
2
Diffusion of Innovations
43
14
Diffusion theory in an international context
43
2
Diffusion of innovations
45
2
Adoption of innovations
47
4
Lead users in the diffusion process
51
1
The spatial diffusion of innovations
52
2
The international diffusion of innovation
54
3
User-Innovator Proximity and Regional Innovation Design
57
3
The home market theory
57
1
User-producer interaction
58
2
Historic View: Home Markets of Multinational Firms
60
5
The international product life cycle as a theory of lead markets
61
2
The demise of the United States' dominant lead-market role
63
2
Foundations of Lead Markets
65
64
A Simple Model for Lead Markets
66
18
The income-lead effect
69
3
The price-reduction effect
72
2
The price-lead effect
74
2
The demand-lead effect
76
2
The dynamic patterns of the demand-lead effect
78
3
The similarity effect
81
2
Discussion
83
1
Lead Market Factors
84
26
Price advantage
86
1
Size of demand
86
1
Growth of market
87
2
Anticipatory factor costs
89
1
Demand advantage
90
1
Income
90
1
Anticipatory needs
91
1
Anticipatory availability of complementary goods
92
1
Transfer advantage
93
1
The international demonstration effect
93
1
Uncertainty reduction
94
2
Global and local externalities
96
1
Structure and sophistication of demand
97
3
Proprietary technologies
100
1
Multinational firms and mobile users
101
1
Cross-national policy convergence
102
2
Export advantage
104
1
Sensitivity to global problems and needs
104
1
Market orientation of domestic firms
105
2
Similarity of local demand to foreign market conditions
107
1
Market structure advantage
108
2
The System of Lead Market Factors
110
8
The dynamics of lead market advantage
110
2
Technological advantages
112
4
Economic, social, political, cultural, environmental systems
116
2
Related Aspects of Lead Markets
118
8
Lead users and lead markets
118
1
Lead markets and pioneer advantage
119
2
Persistence and international shifts of the lead market role
121
4
Regional dimension of lead markets
125
1
Conditions of Lead Markets Existence
126
3
The Case of Cellular Mobile Telephony
129
70
Methodology
130
2
Cellular Mobile Telephony as a Dominant Design
132
16
Technical concept
132
2
The history of mobile telephony
134
1
The era of pre-cellular mobile telephony
135
2
The transition to cellular mobile telephony
137
1
Digital cellular systems and the emergence of the mobile mass-market
138
1
The international success of GSM
139
3
The failure of the other digital cellular standards
142
1
The competition from other mobile communication systems
143
5
Technological Gaps, Suppliers and Spectrum Availability
148
10
Technological knowledge
148
4
Related suppliers
152
2
Spectrum availability
154
4
The Lead Market Factors
158
30
Demand advantage
158
3
Price advantage
161
7
Export advantage
168
6
Transfer advantage
174
3
Market structure advantage
177
1
Competition in the Nordic countries
178
2
The situation in the United States
180
2
Competition and collusion
182
1
Competition in the supplier market and marketing
183
1
Political influence
184
3
Summary
187
1
The Competitive Advantage of Equipment Firms
188
11
The market success of Nordic telecomm equipment firms
188
2
Advantages of firms in the lead market
190
2
Lead market timing
192
1
Disadvantages of firms in lag markets
193
2
Lead market strategy in the cellular mobile telephony industry
195
3
Outlook
198
1
Harnessing Lead Markets for Global Innovations
199
47
The Search for Global Products
199
3
Responsiveness Versus Technology Convergence
202
2
R&D in the Lead Market
204
19
Learning in the Lead Market
205
3
The international allocation of R&D by multinational firms
208
4
A critical review of the empirical literature on foreign R&D
212
5
The need for an international allocation strategy of R&D
217
2
Three case studies
219
3
Discussion
222
1
Alternatives to R&D in Lead Markets
223
5
Participating in the lead market
223
1
Lead markets as test markets
224
2
Lead market strategy and global market entry
226
2
Organisation of Lead Market Innovations
228
6
The prospect of globally-linked innovations
228
1
The leverage-effect of lead markets
229
2
World product mandates of subsidiaries in lead markets
231
2
Transnational mentality
233
1
Predicting Lead Markets: A Preliminary Approach
234
12
When can a lead market be identified?
234
2
Approaches to identifying potential lead markets
236
3
A suggested methodology to predicting lead markets
239
4
First experiences with the lead market analysis
243
3
Discussion, Limitations and Further Research
246
6
Epilogue: Implications for National Policies
252
23
Towards a Lead Market Technology Policy
253
10
Price advantage
254
1
Demand advantage
255
1
Export advantage
256
1
Transfer advantage
257
2
Market structure advantage
259
2
Discussion
261
2
A Lead Market Oriented Policy for Southeast Asian NICs
263
8
Container ports and airports
264
3
Health care
267
1
Skin and hair care products
268
3
Lag Market Policies
271
2
Conclusions
273
2
Appendix
275
1
References
276
29
Index of Figures
305
1
Index of Tables
306
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