Acknowledgements

Introduction

PART I WORLD PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW

1. Ronald Findlay (1992), `The Roots of Divergence: Western Economic History in Comparative Perspective', American Economic Review, 82 (2), May, 158-61

2. Paul R. Milgrom, Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1990), `The Role of Institutions in the Revival of Trade: The Law Merchant, Private Judges, and the Champagne Fairs', Economics and Politics, 2 (1), March 1-23

3. F. Mauro (1961), `Towards an "Intercontinental Model": European Overseas Expansion between 1500 and 1800', Economic History Review, XIV (1), Second series, August, 1-17

4. Ronald Findlay (1993), `International Trade and Factor Mobility with an Endogenous Land Frontier: Some General Equilibrium Implications of Christopher Columbus', in Wilfred J. Ethier, Elhanan Helpman and J. Peter Neary (eds), Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade, Chapter 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 38-54

PART II THE ORGANIZATION AND FINANCE OF TRADE

5. Constance Jones Mathers (1988), `Family Partnerships and International Trade in Early Modern Europe: Merchants from Burgos in England and France, 1470-1570', Business History Review, 62 (3), Autumn, 367-97

6. Niels Steensgaard (1981), `The Companies as a Specific Institution in the History of European Expansion', in Leonard Blusse and Femme Gaastra (eds), Companies and Trade, Leiden: Leiden University Press, 245-64

7. Ann M. Carlos and Stephen Nicholas (1988), "Giants of an Earlier Capitalism": The Chartered Trading Companies as Modern Multinationals', Business History Review, 62 (3), Autumn, 398-419

8. Russell R. Menard (1991), `Transport Costs and Long-Range Trade, 1300-1800: Was there a European "Transport Revolution" in the Early Modern Era?", in James D. Tracy (ed.), The Political Economy of Merchant Empires, Chapter 6, New York: Cambridge University Press, 228-75

9. K.N. Chaudhuri (1975), `The Economic and Monetary Problem of European Trade with Asia during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', Journal of European Economic History, 4 (2), Fall, 323-58

10. J. Sperling (1961-2), `The International Payments Mechanism in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', Economic History Review, XIV (1, 2+3), Second series, April, 446-68.

PART III EUROPEAN OVERSEAS EXPANSION AND TRADE

A Fifteenth Century: Venice

11. Frederic Chapin Lane (1933), `Venetian Shipping During the Commerical Revolution', American Historical Review, XXXVIII (2), January, 219-39

12. Richard T. Rapp (1975), `The Unmaking of the Mediterranean Trade Hegemony: International Trade Rivalry and the Commercial Revolution', Journal of Economic History, XXXV (3), September, 499-525

B Sixteenth Century: Spain and Portugal

13. Carla Rahn Phillips (1990), `The Growth and Composition of Trade in the Iberian Empires, 1450-1750 in James D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires, Chapter 2, New York: Cambridge University Press, 34-101

14. Earl J. Hamilton (1938), `The Decline of Spain', Economic History Review, VIII, May, 168-79

15. Peter J. Forsyth and Stephen J. Nicholas (1983), `The Decline of Spanish Industry and the Price Revolution: A Neoclassical Analysis', Journal of European Economic History, 12 (3), Winter, 601-10

C Seventeenth Century: England and the Netherlands

16. Niels Steensgaard (1990), `The Growth and Compostion of the Long-Distance Trade of England and the Dutch Republic before 1750', in James D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires, Chapter 3, New York: Cambridge University Press, 102-52

17. Niels Steensgaard (1982), `The Dutch East India Company as an Capitalism Innovation', in Maurice Aymard (ed.), Dutch Capitalism and World Capitalism, Chapter 9, New York: Cambridge University Press, 235-57

18. Gary M. Anderson, Robert E. McCormick and Robert D. Tollison (1983), `The Economic Organization of the English East India Company', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 4, June-September, 221-38

19. Douglas, A. Irwin (1991), `Mercantilism as Strategic Trade Policy: The Anglo-Dutch Rivalry for the East India Trade', Journal of Political Economy, 99 (6), December, 1296-314

Name Index