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Tables of Contents for Parallel Computing for Real-Time Signal Processing and Control
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction
1
22
Objectives
1
1
Parallel Processing: Concepts and Evolution
1
3
Real-time Systems and Parallel Processing
4
2
Basic Components of Parallel Processing
6
1
Parallel Processing: Tasks, Processes, Processors and Basic Characteristics
7
1
Task
7
1
Process
7
1
Processor
7
1
Basic Characteristics
7
1
Levels of Parallelism
8
1
Parallel Processing: Steps Involved
9
1
Decomposition
9
1
Assigning Tasks to Processes
10
1
Orchestration
10
1
Mapping Processes to Processors for Execution
10
1
Parallel Processing: Advantages
10
3
Speedup
10
1
Scaleup
11
2
Fault Tolerance
13
1
Cost-to-Performance Ratio
13
1
Handling Larger Tasks
13
1
Factors Influencing Performance
13
3
Amount of Inherent Parallelism Present in the Algorithm
13
1
Structuring Tasks
14
1
Synchronisation
14
1
Overhead
14
1
Message Passing
15
1
Parallel Processing: Some Applications
16
2
Weather Forecasting
16
1
Motion of Astronomical Bodies
16
1
Database Management
16
1
Satellite, Radar and Sonar Applications
17
1
Aerospace Applications
17
1
Robotics Applications
17
1
Signal Processing and Control
18
1
Algorithms and Architectures
18
1
Signal Processing and Control Algorithms
18
1
Research Scope
19
1
Summary
20
1
Exercises
20
3
Parallel Architectures
23
32
Objectives
23
1
Introduction
23
1
Classifications
24
27
Flynn's Classification
24
5
Classification Based on Memory Arrangement and Communication among PEs
29
2
Classification Based on Interconnections between PEs and Memory Modules
31
10
Classification Based on Characteristic Nature of Processing Elements
41
2
Specific Types of Parallel Architectures
43
8
Summary
51
1
Exercises
52
3
Performance Evaluation Issues in Real-time Computing
55
26
Objectives
55
1
Introduction
55
2
Performance Evaluation Issues
57
7
Hardware
57
3
Algorithms
60
1
Software Issues
61
1
Cost Consideration
62
2
Case Study
64
14
Interprocessor Communication
65
4
Compiler Efficiency
69
2
Code Optimisation
71
7
Summary
78
1
Exercises
78
3
Performance Metrics
81
30
Objectives
81
1
Introduction
81
3
Sequential Processing
84
1
Parallel Processing
85
6
Homogeneous Architectures
85
3
Heterogeneous Architectures
88
2
Task-to-Processor Allocation
90
1
Interpretations
91
10
Linear Characterisation over Task Sizes Greater Than Zero
91
2
Linear Characterisation over a Range of Task Sizes
93
3
Piece-wise Linear Characterisation
96
5
Case Study
101
7
Sequential Computing
102
1
Homogeneous Parallel Computing
103
1
Heterogeneous Parallel Computing
104
4
Summary
108
1
Exercises
108
3
Parallel Programming and Multithreading
111
26
Objectives
111
1
Introduction
111
2
Parallel Programming Languages
113
1
Procedural Programming Languages
113
1
Non-procedural Programming Languages
113
1
Parallel Programming Model
114
1
Multithreading in Multiprocessing
115
4
Thread or Process Synchronisation
116
1
Interprocess Communication
117
1
Scheduling and Mapping
117
1
Granularity for Parallel Thread Execution
118
1
Sharing Process Resources
118
1
Case Study
119
15
Concurrent Multithreading for Flexible Beam Simulation
119
5
Concurrent Multithreading with Visual and File I/O
124
4
Performance Comparison with Concurrent Programs
128
6
Summary
134
1
Exercises
134
3
Algorithm Analysis and Design
137
38
Objectives
137
1
Introduction
137
2
Data and Control Dependencies of Algorithms
139
1
Granularity and Regularity
140
1
Analysis of Algorithms with Computational Aspects
141
18
Adaptive Active Vibration Control
141
6
Adaptive Filtering
147
4
Spectral Analysis
151
4
Flexible Manipulator System
155
4
Case Study
159
13
Algorithm Design
159
7
Experimentation and Results
166
6
Summary
172
1
Exercises
173
2
Microprocessors: The Processing Elements of Parallel Architectures
175
32
Objectives
175
1
Introduction
175
1
Microprocessors: Classification
176
4
Classification Based on Application
177
2
Classification Based on Nature of Instruction Set
179
1
Microprocessor: Evolution and Features
180
24
General-purpose Processors
180
15
Special-purpose Processors
195
9
A Comparative Overview
204
1
Summary
205
1
Exercises
205
2
Real-time Performances: Algorithms vs Architectures
207
22
Objectives
207
1
Introduction
207
1
Adaptive Active Vibration Control
208
6
Beam Simulation Algorithm
209
2
Identification Algorithm
211
2
Control Algorithm
213
1
Adaptive Filtering
214
3
LMS Filter
215
1
RLS Filter
215
1
Relative Performances of the Architectures
216
1
Spectral Analysis
217
4
Correlation
219
1
FFT
220
1
Relative Performances of the Architectures
221
1
Flexible Manipulator System
221
4
Comparative Performances of the Architectures
225
1
Uniprocessor Architectures
225
1
Multiprocessor Architectures
225
1
Summary
226
1
Exercises
227
2
Appendix A. List of Abbreviations
229
4
Appendix B. Hardware and Software Resources
233
12
B.1 Hardware Resources
233
6
B.1.1 Processing Elements
234
2
B.1.2 Parallel Architectures
236
3
B.2 Software Support
239
1
B.3 Other Supporting Resources
240
5
B.3.1 TMB Motherboard
240
3
B.3.2 The TTM110 Board
243
1
B.3.3 Transtech Matchbox
244
1
B.3.4 The TDMB410 Motherboard
244
1
References
245
6
Index
251