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Tables of Contents for Intercultural Communication
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
Context and Contact
1
38
Why Study Intercultural Communication?
2
1
Collective Cultural Consciousness
3
1
Increasing Intercultural Contact
4
3
The Spread of Islam
7
1
The Crusades
8
4
Genghis Khan and the Mongols
12
9
Ogadai Khan
14
3
Kublai Khan
17
2
Marco Polo
19
2
Colonialism
21
1
Cortes and Montezuma
22
1
The Slave Trade
23
5
The Early Missionaries
28
1
The Opium Wars
29
2
Native Americans
31
7
Summary
38
1
The Study of Intercultural Communication
39
40
The Roots of Intercultural Communication
39
8
What Is a Stranger?
40
3
The Stranger and Scientific Objectivity
43
1
The Concept of Social Distance
44
1
The Concept of Marginal Man
45
1
The Concept of Heterophily
45
1
Cosmopoliteness
46
1
Critical Concepts in Intercultural Communication
47
2
Ingroups and Outgroups
49
1
The Left-Handed Ingroup
49
10
Ethnocentrism
50
5
Cultural Relativism
55
1
Prejudice and Discrimination
55
3
Stereotypes
58
1
The Authoritarian Personality
58
1
Intercultural Communication after World War II
59
11
Development Assistance
60
1
The Ugly American
61
1
The Foreign Service Institute
62
1
Edward Hall, Founder
63
4
Time Talks and Space Speaks
67
3
Forming a Paradigm of Intercultural Communication
70
4
Non-Western Perspectives on Intercultural Communication
74
2
Summary
76
3
Culture
79
34
What Is Culture?
79
3
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values
81
1
Cultural Beliefs
82
1
Hmong Spirits versus Western Medicine
82
4
Cultural Values and Cultural Attitudes
84
1
Norms
85
1
Collectivistic versus Individualistic Cultures
86
4
The Nature of the Self
89
1
Independence versus Interdependence at the Individual Level
90
1
High-Context versus Low-Context Cultures
90
5
High/Low-Context Communication Problems
92
3
Are You High-Context or Low-Context?
95
1
Within versus Between Cultural Variation
95
1
Cultural Clash
96
1
Cultural Identification
97
1
Female Genital Mutilation in the United States
98
1
AIDS Prevention in San Francisco
99
4
Cultural Markers
100
2
Language and Cultural Identification
102
1
Cultural Markers
103
1
The Homeless and Pen in Santa Monica
104
5
The Continuum of Intercultural Differences
105
2
Overcoming Cultural Differences
107
2
The Cultural Shareability of Elvis Presley
109
2
Summary
111
2
Communication
113
22
What Is Communication?
113
4
A Model of Communication
114
3
Navajo Code-Talkers
117
3
Initial Contact and Uncertainty among Strangers
120
4
Uncertainty and Information
120
2
Initiating Conversation with a Stranger
122
2
Don't You Want to Go to the Rat?
124
1
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Communication
125
2
Signs and Symbols
126
1
Language
126
1
The Rosetta Stone
127
5
Creating Meanings
128
1
Levels of Meaning
129
2
Attribution
131
1
From Intercultural Interaction to International Incident
132
1
Power
133
1
Summary
133
2
Verbal Communication
135
26
Linguistic Relativity
135
7
Examples of the Whorfian Hypothesis
138
3
Importance of Language
141
1
The Language Police in Quebec
142
2
Perceptions Count
144
1
Perceptions versus Objective Reality
145
1
Perceptions of Body Weight by African-American and White Adolescent Girls
145
4
Symbolic Interaction
148
1
Code-Switching
148
1
Cultural Factors in Interpersonal Communication
149
6
Talk and Silence
150
1
Speaking Style
151
1
Turn-Taking
152
1
Self-Disclosure
152
1
Content versus Relationship
153
1
Face
154
1
The Guest Who Came to Dinner, in Japan
155
2
Listening
157
1
Summary
158
3
Nonverbal Communication
161
28
Importance of Nonverbal Communication
162
3
The Meaning of Feet in Intercultural Negotiation
165
2
The Evolution of Nonverbal Communication
167
4
Charles Darwin
168
2
Edward Hall at the FSI
170
1
Raymond Birdwhistell
170
1
Cultural Factors in Nonverbal Communication
171
1
Types of Nonverbal Communication
172
14
Body Movements
172
4
Space
176
5
Time
181
1
Touch
182
2
Voice
184
1
Artifacts
184
1
Physical Appearance
185
1
The Truth about Lying
186
1
Cultural Misunderstandings in Nonverbal Communication
186
1
Summary
187
2
Assimilation, Mass Communication, and Sojourning
189
32
Assimilation and Acculturation
190
3
Early Research on Mass Communication and Culture
190
1
The Continuum from Assimilation to Cultural Maintenance
191
2
Maintaining a Distinctive Culture: The Gypsies
193
2
Changing Demographics
194
1
Ethnic Media in New York City
195
7
Ethnic Groups in the United States
196
3
The Role of Language in Cultural Maintenance
199
2
Networks in the Assimilation Process
201
1
Contemporary Migration to America
202
2
The Policy Issue of Immigration
204
3
The Role of the Media
207
4
Bias in the Media
208
2
Impacts of the Mass Media
210
1
The Sojourner
211
1
Culture Shock
212
5
The U-Curve of Cultural Adjustment
214
3
Reentry
217
1
You Gotta Have Wa
217
2
Summary
219
2
Becoming More Intercultural
221
22
Intercultural Competence
221
2
Overcoming Ethnocentrism
223
4
Experiential Training
224
1
Cultural Relativism
225
1
From Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism
226
1
Overcoming Stereotypes
227
1
Derivation of Stereotypes
227
1
Stereotypes as Codes
228
1
Overcoming as Codes
228
3
Overcoming Prejudice and Discrimination
230
1
Prejudice
230
1
Discrimination
231
1
A Navajo Perspective on Prejudice
232
5
Overcoming Conflict
237
1
Toward Multiculturalism
238
2
Summary
240
3
The Global Village
243
22
Development Programs in Third World Countries
243
4
What Is Development?
244
1
What Is Development Communication?
244
2
Change Agent/Client Heterophily
246
1
Introducing Water-Boiling in a Peruvian Village
247
4
Sustainability of Development Programs
248
1
Empowerment
249
2
Thrown Out on the Edge of Asia
251
3
Mass Media and Development
253
1
The Ethics of Changing Someone Else's Culture
254
1
Rise of the Megacity
255
2
Los Angeles as a Cultural Mosaic
257
1
The Global Business Village of Today
258
1
Nemawashi: Digging around the Roots
259
2
Gift-Giving around the World
261
2
Toward a Global Culture
263
2
Glossary
265
6
References
271
14
Name Index
285
4
Subject Index
289