LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

Zen Buddhism in Japan

The Oppression of Buddhism in the Meiji Period (1868-1912)

Buddhism in the Twentieth Century

The Lay Zen Movement

Monastic Zen in Japan

Zen Art

1. USHERING ZEN INTO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Nakahara Nantenbo (Toju Zenchu, 1839-1925)

Matthew Welch

Nantenbo's Life

Nantenbo's Art

2. THE TRANSMISSION OF ZEN ART AND TRAINING Deiryu Kutsu (Kanshu Sojun, 1895-1954)

3. RESTORING ZEN AND TAKING IT FORWARD Yuzen Gentatsu (Sanshoken, 1842-1918) and Takeda Mokurai (1854-1930)

Yuzen Gentatsu

Takeda Mokurai

4. LARGE MONASTIC CENTER VERSUS SMALL RURAL TEMPLE Sohan Gempo (Shoun, 1848-1922) and Yamamoto Gempo (1866-1961)

Sohan Gempo

Yamamoto Gempo

5. THREE SOTO ZEN RESPONSES TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Nishiari Bokuzan (Kin'ei, 1821-1910), Taneda Santoka (1882-1940) and Kojima Kendo (1898-1995)

Stephen Addiss

Soto Zen and Dogen

Nishiari Bokuzan

6. APPROACHES TO TRAINING AND ART DURING SOCIAL UPHEAVALS Rozan Eko (1865-1944), Mamiya Eishu (1871-1945), and Seki Seisetsu (1877-1945)

Rozan Eko

Mamiya Eishu

Seki Seisetsu

7. BRIDGES OF ZEN Shibayama Zenkei (1894-1974) and Fukushima Keido (b. 1933)

Shibayama Zenkei

Fukushima Keido

EPILOGUE

STEPHEN ADDISS

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX