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Tables of Contents for Constitutional Law for Changing America
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
I THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
An Introduction to the U.S. Constitution
3
1
The Road to the U.S. Constitution
3
5
The Underlying Principles of the Constitution
8
5
The Living Constitution
13
11
The Amendment Process
17
2
The Supreme Court and the Living Constitution
19
4
Readings
23
1
Approaches to Supreme Court Decision Making
24
37
Legal Approaches
24
11
Extralegal Approaches
35
16
Readings
51
4
II INSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
The Separation of Powers
55
1
The Origins of the Seperation of Powers Doctrine
55
2
Separation of Powers and the Constitution
57
1
Contemporary Thinking on the Constitutional Scheme
58
3
The Judiciary
61
35
The Establishment of the Federal Judiciary
62
4
Judicial Review
66
13
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
66
13
Constraints on Judicial Power
79
15
Ex parte McCardle (1869)
80
14
Readings
94
2
The Legislature
96
53
Article 1: Historical Overview
97
4
Congressional Authority over Internal Affairs
101
15
U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995)
105
11
The Sources and Scope of Legislative Powers
116
20
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
118
14
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)
132
4
The Role of Congress in National Government
136
11
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983)
142
5
Readings
147
2
The Executive
149
42
Selection and Formal Powers
150
4
The Faithful Execution of the Laws
154
2
Executive Immunity and Privilege
156
7
United States v. Nixon (1974)
158
5
The Power of Appointment and Removal
163
5
The President and Foreign Policy
168
3
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)
169
2
Presidential Power During War and National Emergencies
171
11
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer (1952)
177
5
Readings
182
4
III NATION-STATE RELATIONS
An Introduction to Nation-State Relations
185
1
The Framers and Federalism
186
1
Amending the Constitution: The Tenth Amendment
187
4
Federalism
191
27
The Marshall Court and the Rise of National Supremacy
192
4
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
193
3
The Taney Court and the (Re)Emergence of States Rights
196
5
Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Economics
201
5
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)
201
5
The (Re)Emergence of National Supremacy: Cooperative Federalism
206
10
United States v. Darby Lumber (1941)
206
4
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitian Transit Authority (1985)
210
6
Readings
216
2
The Commerce Power
218
41
Constitutional Foundations of the Commerce Power
218
7
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
220
5
Defining Interstate Commerce
225
4
The Supreme Court and the New Deal
229
20
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935)
233
7
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)
240
9
Regulating Commerce as a Federal Police Power
249
3
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
250
2
The Commerce Power of the States
252
6
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1852)
253
5
Readings
258
1
The Power to Tax and Spend
259
32
The Constitutional Power to Tax and Spend
259
2
Direct Taxes and the Power to Tax Income
261
9
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. (1895)
264
6
Intergovernmental Tax Immunity
270
2
Taxation as a Regulatory Power
272
3
Taxing and Spending for the General Welfare
275
5
South Dakota v. Dole (1987)
277
3
Restrictions on the Revenue Powers of the States
280
4
Readings
284
7
IV ECONOMIC LIBERTIES
Economic Liberties and Individual Rights
287
4
The Contract Clause
291
20
The Farmers and the Contract Clause
291
2
John Marshall and the Contract Clause
293
3
The Decline of the Contract Clause
296
11
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)
297
6
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)
303
4
The Revitalization of the Contract Clause
307
3
Readings
310
1
Economic Substantive Due Process
311
28
The Development of Substantive Due Process
314
6
The Roller Coaster Ride of Substantive Due Process: 1898--1923
320
10
Lochner v. New York (1905)
322
8
The Heyday of Substantive Due Process: 1923--1936
330
2
The Depression, the New Deal, and the Decline of Substantive Due Process
332
6
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937)
333
5
Readings
338
1
The Takings Clause
339
24
Protecting Private Property from Government Seizure
339
2
What Constitutes a Taking?
341
6
Penn Central Transportation Company v. City of New York (1978)
342
5
The Public Use Requirement
347
3
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984)
347
3
Resurrecting the Takings Clause
350
5
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992)
352
3
Readings
355
8
V CIVIL LIBERTIES
Approaching civil Liberties
359
4
Religion: Exercise and Establishment
363
71
Free Exercise of Religion
364
24
Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990)
378
10
Religious Establishment
388
45
Lemon v. Kurtzman, Earley v. DiCenso (1971)
397
11
Edwards v. Auguillard (1987)
408
16
Lee v. Weisman (1992)
424
9
Readings
433
1
Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Association
434
55
The Development of Legal Standards: The Emergence of Law in Times of Crisis
435
22
Schenck v. United States (1919)
437
12
Dennis v. United States (1951)
449
8
Regulating Expression: Content and Contexts
457
31
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
463
6
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942)
469
8
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, Minnesota (1992)
477
6
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
483
5
Readings
488
1
Freedom of the Press
489
36
Prior Restraint
490
7
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
490
7
The Media and Special Rights
497
7
Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)
498
6
The Boundaries of Free Press: Obscenity and Libel
504
20
Miller v. California (1937)
508
6
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
514
10
Readings
524
1
The Right to Privacy
525
54
The Right to Privacy: Foundations
526
9
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
529
6
Private Activities and the Application of Griswold
535
12
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
536
6
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health (1990)
542
5
Reproductive Freedom and the Right to Privacy: Abortion
547
23
Roe v. Wade (1973)
549
21
Readings
570
4
VI THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
The Rights of the Criminally Accused
573
1
Overview of the Criminal Justice System
574
2
Trends in Court Decision Making
576
3
Investigations and Evidence
579
31
Searches and Seizures
579
15
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
586
8
The Fifth Amendment and Self-Incrimination
594
15
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
596
13
Readings
609
1
Attorneys, Trials, and Punishments
610
43
The Right to Counsel
610
7
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
613
4
Fair Trials
617
5
Sentencing and the Eighth Amendment
622
14
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
625
11
Post-Trial Stages
636
3
Readings
639
4
VII CIVIL RIGHTS
Civil Rights and the Constitution
643
1
The Constitution and the Concept of Equality
643
2
The Supreme Court and Equal Protection of the Laws
645
4
Congressional Enforcement of Civil Rights
649
4
Discrimination
653
54
Racial Discrimination
653
13
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
654
7
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
661
5
Sex Discrimination
666
9
Reed v. Reed (1971)
669
2
Craig v. Boren (1976)
671
4
Economic Discrimination
675
6
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)
676
5
Remedies for Discrimination
681
25
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education (1971)
683
8
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
691
9
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (1995)
700
6
Readings
706
1
Voting and Representation
707
70
Voting Rights
707
11
Louisiana v. United States (1965)
710
3
South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966)
713
5
Political Representation
718
16
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
721
7
Miller v. Johnson (1995)
728
6
Readings
734
3
REFERENCE MATERIAL
Constitution of the United States
737
10
Federalist, No. 78
747
4
U.S. Presidents
751
2
Thumbnail Sketch of the Supreme Court's History
753
2
The Justices
755
6
Natural Courts
761
6
The American Legal System
767
1
The Processing of Cases
768
1
Supreme Court Calendar
769
1
Briefing Supreme Court Cases
770
2
Glossary
772
5
Subject Index
777
18
Case Index
795
5
Illustration Credits
800