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Tables of Contents for Criminal Procedures
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
iii
 
PART A. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT
The Exclusionary Evidence Rule and Other Remedies for Constitutional Violations
1
5
The Scope of the Exclusionary Rule
1
3
Criminal Proceedings Other Than Trial
1
1
The Reasonable ``Good Faith'' Exception
2
2
Should the Rule Be Abolished?: Other Remedies for Constitutional Violations
4
1
Damages
4
1
Criminal Remedies
5
1
Conclusion
5
1
The Law of Arrest
6
3
The Probable Cause Requirement for Arrests
6
1
Mistake
6
1
Executing an Arrest
7
2
The Method of Entry
7
1
Due Process Limitations
7
2
Introduction to the Law of Searches: A Framework for Analyzing When ``Searches'' Occur and When They Are Reasonable
9
2
Standing
9
2
Current Standing Rules
9
2
The Search Warrant
11
5
The Probable Cause Determination
11
1
Execution of the Warrant
11
1
Announcement of Presence
11
1
When a Warrant Is Insufficient
12
4
Forfeitures
12
4
The ``Automobile Exception''
16
1
Elements of the Exception
16
1
Exigency
16
1
Conclusion
16
1
Plain View
17
3
Items Which May Be Seized
17
1
Inadvertence and Pretextual Searches
17
3
Stop and Frisk
20
3
Permissible Grounds for Seizures and Stops
20
1
Seizures on Less Than Reasonable Suspicion
20
1
Permissible Grounds for a Frisk
21
1
The Scope of a Frisk
21
2
Consent Searches
23
1
The Voluntariness Requirement
23
1
Knowledge of the Right
23
1
Regulatory Inspections and Searches
24
3
School Disciplinary Searches
24
1
Workplace Investigations
24
3
Testing for Drug and Alcohol Use
24
3
PART B. THE FIFTH AMENDMENT'S PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
Overview of the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
27
5
Incrimination
27
5
The Exculpatory No Doctrine
27
2
Foreign Prosecutions
29
3
Confessions
32
2
Approaches to Regulating the Interrogation Process
32
1
The McNabb-Mallory Rule
32
1
The Elements of Miranda
32
2
Custody
32
1
Waiver: After Assertion of Rights
32
2
PART E. THE PRETRIAL PROCESS
Initial Custodial Decisions: Pretrial Detention and Release
34
1
The Probable Cause Hearing
34
1
Timing of the Hearing
34
1
Constraints on Prosecutorial Discretion: Charging and Joinder Rules
35
3
Constraints on Bringing Charges
35
1
Discriminatory Prosecution
35
1
Joinder
36
2
Joinder of Defendants
36
2
The Grand Jury
38
1
Structure and Composition
38
1
Selection
38
1
Discovery
39
3
Discovery by the Defense
39
1
Limitations on Defense Discovery
39
1
The Constitutional Duty to Disclose Exculpatory Information
40
2
The Brady-Agurs-Bagley Materiality Test
40
2
PART F. ADJUDICATION OF GUILT
Guilty Pleas and Plea Bargaining
42
4
The Plea Bargaining Process
42
1
Admission of Statements Made in Connection With Bargaining
42
1
Taking the Plea
43
2
The Intelligent Plea Requirement
43
1
The Factual Basis Requirement
43
2
Challenging a Guilty Plea
45
1
Withdrawal of the Plea
45
1
Federal Habeas: Direct and Bargain Challenges
45
1
Conclusion
45
1
The Right to an Impartial Jury and Judge
46
4
The Scope of the Right to Jury Trial
46
1
The Petty Crime Exception
46
1
Voir Dire
47
2
Peremptory Challenges
47
2
Conclusion
49
1
Adversarial Rights: Openness, Confrontation, and Compulsory Process
50
5
The Right to be Present
50
2
Physical Presence
50
1
Competency to Proceed
50
2
The Right to Live Testimony: When Hearsay is Permitted
52
1
Availability Irrelevant
52
1
Co-Defendant Confessions
52
1
Challenging Witnesses in the Courtroom
53
2
The Right to Cross-Examine
53
2
Appeals
55
2
The Final Judgment Rule
55
1
Defense Appeals
55
1
Harmless Error
55
1
The Federal Rule for Non-Constitutional Error
55
1
Constitutional Error
55
1
Retroactivity
55
2
Cases on Habeas Review
55
2
Double Jeopardy
57
10
When Jeopardy Attaches
57
6
Type of Proceeding
57
6
The ``Same Offense'' Prohibition
63
3
Defining Same Offense
63
2
Cumulative Punishments
65
1
Resentencing
66
1
After Reversal of Conviction or Sentence
66
1
PART G. THE ROLE OF THE DEFENSE LAWYER
The Right to Counsel
67
3
The Right to Counsel at Trial
67
1
The Sixth Amendment Actual Imprisonment Threshold
67
1
Counsel at Other Stages of the Criminal Process
68
1
Under the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses
68
1
Waiver of Counsel
68
2
Defining Waiver
68
2
Effective Assistance of Counsel
70
1
Application of the Standard
70
1
Attorney Errors: Relevant Considerations
70
1
PART H. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL AND STATE COURTS
Federal Habeas Corpus: The Closing Door
71
15
Introduction
71
1
The Substantive Scope of the Writ
72
7
From Watkins to Brown: Expansion of the Writ
72
2
The Full and Fair Hearing Exception
74
1
The New Rule Exception
75
1
Evidentiary Hearings
76
1
The Fundamental Defect Exception
77
1
Harmless Error Analysis
78
1
The Effect of Default Under State Procedural Rules
79
3
Defining Cause and Prejudice
79
1
The Actual Innocence Exception
80
2
Other Procedural Hurdles
82
2
Successive Petitions
82
1
The Custody Requirement
83
1
Conclusion
84
2
State Constitutions as an Independent Source of Rights
86
1
The Supreme Court's Reaction to the New Federalism
86
1
Table of Cases
87