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Tables of Contents for Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
vii
 
David Salesin
Preface
xvii
 
Introduction
Before and After Photorealism
3
4
Non-Photorealistic Rendering
7
5
Goals and Criteria for Success
7
3
A Point of View
10
2
Approaches to Algorithms for NPR
12
12
Image Artifacts
13
1
Model Artifacts
14
3
A Framework for Computing Image and Model Artifacts
17
7
Visions for NPR
24
8
Scientific and Medical Illustration
25
1
Technical Illustration
25
2
Archaeological Illustration
27
1
Storytelling
27
1
Exercises
28
2
Bibliographic Notes
30
2
Pixel Manipulation of Images
Halftoning Methods
32
9
Ordered Dithering
33
2
Error Diffusion
35
2
Applications to NPR
37
4
Screening
41
19
Basic Method
42
2
Tuning Image and Screen Intensities
44
4
Procedural Screening
48
4
Embedding Shapes in Dither Screens
52
8
Stippling
60
12
Automatic Methods
61
6
Interactive Methods
67
5
Image Mosaics
72
12
Choosing a Tiling Grid or Pattern
72
3
Arranging the Image Tiles
75
1
Choosing Tile Images
75
1
Color Correction
76
3
Exercises
79
1
Bibliographic Notes
80
4
Lines, Curves, and Strokes
Drawing ``Incorrect'' Lines
84
5
Observations of Human Drawings
84
1
Drawing Wiggly Lines with a Computer
85
4
Drawing ``Artistic'' Lines---The Path and Style Metaphor
89
17
Deforming Images
90
4
Using Path Information---Line Styles
94
5
Simulating Watercolor
99
7
A Generalization: Multiresolution Curves
106
4
Wavelet Representation of Curves
107
1
Editing Multiresolution Curves
108
2
Comparison of the Line-Drawing Methods
110
4
Exercises
110
1
Bibliographic Notes
111
3
Simulating Natural Media and Artistic Techniques
Simulating Painting with Wet Paint
114
15
Simulating Watercolor Using Cellular Automata
115
8
Computer-Generated Watercolor Using Fluid Simulation
123
4
Rendering the Simulation Results
127
2
Simulating Pencils Drawing on Paper
129
9
The Microscopic Level
129
1
A Model
130
7
Results
137
1
Simulating Woodcuts and Engravings
138
17
A Raytracing Approach for Copperplates
139
5
An Image Processing Approach for Engravings
144
7
Exercises
151
1
Bibliographic Notes
152
3
Stroke-Based Illustrations
Strokes and Stroke Textures
155
8
Defining and Drawing Single Strokes
156
3
Building Stroke Textures
159
4
Detail and Orientation
163
8
Outlines and Shadows
163
3
Orientation
166
2
Abstraction of Detail
168
3
Rescaling Stroke-Based Images
171
12
Goals for a Rescaling Operation
172
1
Approximating the Input as a Continuous Function
173
1
Discontinuity Edges
174
3
Creating and Reconstructing Renditions
177
2
Exercises
179
1
Bibliographic Notes
180
3
Working with 21/2 Data Structures
G-Buffers
183
2
Operations on G-Buffers
185
3
Comprehensible Rendering
188
3
Interactive Painting
191
3
3D Parameters for 2D Dithering
194
10
Exercises
199
1
Bibliographic Notes
200
4
Geometric Models and Their Exploitation in NPR
Geometric Models as Data Types
204
7
Data
206
2
Operations on the Data
208
1
Implementation
209
2
Polygonal Models
211
22
Description of Polygonal Models
212
1
Operations for Polygonal Models
213
1
Edge Classification for NPR
214
10
Computing Intersections
224
2
Determining Global Shape
226
7
Free-Form Surfaces
233
15
Description of Free-Form Surface Models
233
2
Operations on Free-Form Surface Models for Rendering
235
8
Exercises
243
1
Bibliographic Notes
244
4
Lighting Models for NPR
Conveying Shape Versus Illumination
248
5
A Basic Lighting Model
253
2
Colored Illustrations
255
5
A Component-Based Lighting Model
260
6
Standard Lighting and Shadows
260
1
Rim Shadow, Plateau, and Back Lighting
260
1
Curvature Lighting
261
1
Transmission and Transparency
262
3
Overall Intensity
265
1
Implementation Issues
266
4
Exercises
267
1
Bibliographic Notes
268
2
Distorting Non-Realistic Renditions
Image-Space Distortion
270
11
Fundamental Algorithm
271
2
Regions of Magnification
273
2
The Dropoff Function
275
3
Off-Center Focus Points and Multiple Foci
278
3
Object-Space Distortion
281
9
Interval Structures
282
1
The Resize Operation
283
1
An Example
284
2
Discussion of the Algorithm
286
2
An Application to Explosion Diagrams
288
2
Making Distortions Comprehensible
290
5
Recognition Axis
291
1
Dominance Axis
292
1
A Space of Viewing Cues
293
2
Distortions in an Animated Context
295
10
Distorted Transformations
296
1
Morphing the Model
297
5
Exercises
302
2
Bibliographic Notes
304
1
Applications for NPR
Non-Photorealistic Animation
305
6
Representing Motion in Still Images
307
3
Non-Photorealistic Animation Based on Particle Systems
310
1
Architectural Illustrations
311
10
An Empirical Study
312
4
Expressing Uncertainty in Designs
316
5
Rendering Plants
321
3
Rendering the Trunk, Branches, and Twigs
321
1
Rendering the Foliage
322
2
Illustrating Medical and Technical Texts
324
7
Generating Illustrations from Texts
326
1
Generating Labels
327
3
Generating Figure Captions
330
1
Tactile Rendering for Blind People
331
6
Hardware
331
1
Haptic Perception
331
1
Converting Visualizations into Tactile Presentations
332
1
Tactile Maps
333
1
Exercises
334
1
Bibliographic Notes
335
2
A Conceptual Framework for NPR
Kees van Overveld
Methodological Disclaimer
337
4
Mathematical Preliminaries: Equivalence Relations, Equivalence Classes, and Quotients
341
17
Sets and Elements
342
1
Cartesian Products and Relations
342
2
Equivalence Relations and Variants
344
2
Equivalence Classes and Invariants
346
6
Quotients, (Iso)morphism, and Abstraction
352
5
Summary of Mathematical Preliminaries
357
1
Physical Preliminaries: Communication via Light Rays
358
12
Physical Context
359
1
Detecting Light: Basic Principles of Viewing
360
6
Summary of Viewing-Related (p-)Equivalence Relations
366
4
Neurobiological Context: Look-Ahead Sets and Look-Around Sets
370
13
Perceptual Context
377
6
A Model for Visual Communication
383
23
Layers and Semantic Transformations in Visual Communication
385
21
Summary and Practical Connection with NPR
406
3
References
409
20
Author Index
429
2
Subject Index
431
28
Figure Credits
459
8
About the Authors
467