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Tables of Contents for China's Transition Toward a Market Economy, Civil Society & Democracy
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Acknowledgments
iii
Introduction
1
3
A Market Economy and Democracy
4
13
Economic Freedom and Political Structure, 1982
5
1
Wealth, Education, and Economic Equality
5
2
A Middle Class
7
2
Civil Society
9
1
Pluralism
10
1
Individual Recognition
11
6
A Market Economy and Enterprise Autonomy
17
12
China's Central Planning Economy
19
2
Decentralization Reforms in the Maoist Era
21
1
Expansion of the Decision-Making Power of Enterprises
22
7
The Takeoff
22
1
The Contract Responsibility System
23
1
Privatization
24
5
Methodology
29
6
Sampling and Survey Method
29
6
Sample
29
2
Occupational Distribution of Enterprises Surveyed
31
1
Size of Enterprises Surveyed
31
1
The Questionnaires
31
1
Enterprise Manager Questionnaire
31
1
The Worker Questionnaire
32
1
The Interview Data
32
1
Validity
33
2
A Survey of Chinese Enterprise Autonomy
35
27
Dependent and Independent Variables
35
7
Economic Power Distribution between Government and Enterprises
35
1
Supply and Marketing
36
1
Price
37
1
Profit Retention
37
1
Industrial Tax-Setting
38
1
Personnel Management
38
1
Stock System
39
1
Foreign Trade
40
1
Production Investment
40
1
Leadership System
41
1
Findings
42
14
General Question
42
1
Enterprise Managers' Decision-Making Power
42
1
Supply of Raw Materials
42
1
Supply Controlled by the Central Government Before and After the Reform
43
1
Supply Controlled by the Provincial Government Before and After the Reform
44
1
Supply Controlled by Local Governments Before and After the Reform
44
1
Supplies Obtained from the Open-Market by Enterprises Before and After Reform
45
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Supply Before and After the Reform
45
1
Marketing
46
1
Marketing Controlled by the Central Government Before and After the Reform
47
1
Marketing Controlled by the Provincial Government Before and After the Reform
47
1
Marketing Controlled by Local Governments Before and After the Reform
48
1
Product Marketing by Enterprises Before and After the Reform
48
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Marketing Before and After the Reform
49
1
Price
50
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Price Before and After the Reform
50
1
Profit Retention
50
1
Tax
51
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Profit Retention Before and After the Reform
51
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Tax-Setting Before and After the Reform
52
1
Foreign Trade
52
1
Four-Level Decision-Making Power Distribution on Export-Import Quota Before and After the Reform
52
1
Decision-Making Power of Enterprise Manager on Production Investment
53
1
Production Investment
53
1
Personnel Management
54
1
Power Gained by Managers Regarding Hiring and Firing After the Reform
54
1
Leadership System
55
1
Party Secretary's Power on Enterprise Economic Activities Today
55
1
Stock System
56
1
Stock Distribution in Two Enterprises
56
1
Concluding Remarks
56
6
Decision-Making Power Change After the Reform
57
1
Relationship between Decision-Making Power and Enterprise Scale
58
1
Relationship between Enterprise Decision-Making Power and Above-Level Government
59
3
The Rise of Civil Society in China?
62
16
Impacts of Economic Reform
62
6
Changes in Living Conditions After the Reform
62
1
Citizens' Lives
62
1
Changes in Financial Situation in the Last Few Years
63
1
Citizens' Political Behavior
64
1
Following Political News
64
1
Interested in Politics
65
1
Political Communication
65
1
Talking Politics with Others
66
1
Sense of Political Efficacy
67
1
Sense of Political Efficacy
67
1
Civil Society
68
5
Belong to an Organization
70
1
Relationship between Organizational Membership and Interest in Politics
71
1
Effect of Organizational Membership on Political Communication
72
1
What Chinese People Want: Democracy or Stability?
73
5
Relationship between Organizational Membership and Political Efficacy
73
1
Choice of Political Goals
74
4
Conclusion
78
9
Two Models for Democracy
78
2
Dual Transition: Chinese Model to Democracy
80
7
Economic Condition
80
1
Social Condition
81
1
Political Condition
82
5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
87
6
Books
87
3
Articles, Reports, Documents, and Other Sources
90
3
Appendix A: Enterprise Manager Questionnaire
93
6
Appendix B: The Worker Questionnaire
99
4
About the Author
103