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Tables of Contents for X Window System Administrator's Guide
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xix
How to Use this Book
xix
Assumptions
xxi
Related Documents
xxi
Font Conventions Used in This Book
xxii
We'd Like to Hear From You
xxiii
Bulk Sales Information
xxiii
Acknowledgments
xxiii
An Introduction to X Administration
3
10
The Design of X11
3
5
Display Servers
4
2
Clients and Resources
6
1
Toolkits and GUIs
7
1
X Administration
8
5
Installing X
8
1
Supporting Users
9
1
Maintaining Software
9
1
Maintaining Multiple Machines
10
1
A ``Philosophy'' of X Administration
10
3
The X User Environment
13
30
The Configured X Session
13
5
The Twilight Zone
16
2
Components of the X Environment
18
9
Window Managers
18
2
Customizing Clients
20
1
The -fn Command-line Option
20
1
The-geometry Command-line Option
20
3
Specifying Colors
23
1
Using Resources
24
1
The Startup Script
25
1
The Foreground Process
26
1
The Shell Environment
27
10
Setting the DISPLAY Variable
27
1
Complications with Display Names
28
1
Redefining the Search Path
29
1
Setting the Search Path for OpenWindows Support
30
1
Setting the Search Path for Mixed Environments
30
1
xterm Issues
31
1
xterm and Terminal Emulation
31
1
The resize Client
31
2
xterm and the Login Shell (C Shell)
33
1
Starting Remote Clients
34
1
Starting a Remote Client with rsh
35
2
Startup Methods
37
2
xinit and startx
38
1
Differences Between .xinitrc and .xsession
39
1
Related Documentation
39
4
The X Display Manager
43
30
xdm Concepts
44
2
xdm Configuration Files
46
2
xdm the Easy Way
48
1
Troubleshooting xdm
49
2
Customizing xdm
51
15
The Master Configuration File (xdm-config)
51
2
Listing X Servers (the Xservers File)
53
1
Xservers Syntax
53
2
xdm Host Access Control: the Xaccess File (R5 Only)
55
1
Direct and Broadcast Access
56
1
Indirect Access and the Chooser
57
2
Using Macros
59
1
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Chooser
59
1
The Xresources File
60
1
Configuring the Login Box
60
2
The xconsole Client
62
1
Starting Up Individual X Sessions (the Xsession File)
63
1
No Home Directory? (R5)
64
1
Display Classes
65
1
Testing Your xdm Setup
66
3
Resetting the Keyboard
67
1
Restarting xdm Using xdm-pid (R4 and Later)
68
1
Rereading xdm Configuration Files (R3)
68
1
Permanent Installation of xdm
69
1
Related Documentation
70
3
Security
73
28
Host-based Access Control
74
3
The /etc/Xn.hosts File
74
1
The xhost Client
75
1
Problems with Host-based Access Control
76
1
Access Control with MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
77
6
Using MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 with xdm
78
1
The xauth Program
79
2
Using MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 with xinit
81
1
xauth vs. xhost
82
1
The XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1 Mechanism (R5)
83
1
The SUN-DES-1 Mechanism (R5)
84
9
Public Key Encryption
85
1
Prerequisites for Using SUN-DES-1
86
2
Using SUN-DES-1 with xdm
88
1
Using SUN-DES-1 with xinit
89
2
Adding Another User with SUN-DES-1
91
1
xterm and SUN-DES-1
92
1
Troubleshooting SUN-DES-1
92
1
xterm and Secure Keyboard
93
1
Other Security Issues
94
4
The Console xterm (R4 and Earlier)
94
1
The Console and xdm (R5)
95
1
Hanging the Server Remotely (R3)
96
1
Reading the Framebuffer (Sun Workstations)
96
1
Removing Files in /tmp
97
1
The Network Design
97
1
Related Documentation
98
3
Font Management
101
42
Fonts on the X Window System
101
9
xlsfonts
103
1
xfd
103
1
xfontsel
104
1
The Font Path
105
1
The Font Directory File
106
1
The fonts.scale File (R5 only)
107
1
Wildcards
108
1
Aliases
108
1
The File_Names_Alias Alias
109
1
All About Fonts
110
4
Bitmap Versus Outline Fonts
110
1
Font Formats
111
1
Format Conversion Tools
112
2
Adding New Fonts
114
13
Adding a Single Font
114
1
Adding Multiple Fonts
115
1
Multiple Font Example
116
1
Problems with Running Vendor-specific Clients
117
1
DECWindows Examples
118
1
Aliasing
119
1
DECWindows Conversion
120
1
AIXWindows Example
121
2
OpenWindows Example
123
1
Aliasing
124
1
OpenWindows Conversion
125
1
Converting from X11/NeWS to PCF or SNF
125
1
More Conversions
126
1
Providing Fonts Over the Network
127
1
The R5 Font Server
127
13
The Configuration File
128
2
Installing the Font Server
130
1
Testing By Hand
131
1
Changing BSD Boot Files
131
1
Changing System V Boot Files
132
1
Changing AIX Boot Files
133
1
Font Server Name Syntax
133
1
Debugging the Font Server
134
1
Font Server Clients
135
1
The Font Path and the Font Server
136
2
Hostname Aliases
138
1
A Font Server Example
138
2
Related Documentation
140
3
Color
143
14
Color Specification in Release 4 and Earlier
144
3
RGB Color Names
144
1
Numeric Color Values
145
1
Adding Your Own Color Names (RGB)
146
1
Fixing a Corrupted Color Database
147
1
Color Specification in Release 5 (Xcms)
147
6
Xcms Color Names
148
2
Adding Your Own Color Names in Xcms
150
1
Xcms Database Example
151
1
Device Profiles
152
1
Related Documentation
153
4
X Terminals
157
28
Buying an X Terminal: What's What
157
6
Monitors
157
1
Screen Size
158
1
Resolution
158
1
Depth
159
1
Refresh Rate
159
1
Keyboard and Mouse
159
1
X Server Software
160
1
Special Features
161
1
Memory Configuration
161
1
Network Interface
162
1
X Terminal Setup
163
1
Network Setup
164
6
Getting the IP Address Using RARP
165
1
Getting Information Using BOOTP
165
2
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
167
1
Setting Up the Network on the X Terminal
168
1
Debugging Hints
168
1
Error Messages
169
1
Updating the arp Table
169
1
Name Server Problems
169
1
Fonts on X Terminals
170
3
Font Formats
170
1
The Font Server (R5)
171
1
Choosing TFTP or NFS for Font Access
171
1
Reading Fonts Using TFTP
171
1
Reading Fonts Using NFS
172
1
Configuring for the X Display Manager
173
2
Configuring the X Terminal for xdm
173
1
Configuring an R5 Host
174
1
Configuring an R4 Host
174
1
Configuring xdm Without XDMCP
174
1
Setting Up Server Access Control
175
1
Remote Configuration of X Terminals
175
3
Remote Configuration on NCD Terminals
176
1
Remote Configuration on Visual Terminals
177
1
Remote Configuration on Tektronix Terminals
178
1
Reconfiguring the Host
178
3
Increasing the Number of Processes
178
1
Increasing the Number of Pseudo-ttys
179
1
Increasing the Amount of Swap Space
180
1
Swapping to a File
180
1
Swapping to a Disk
180
1
Related Documentation
181
4
Building the X Window System
185
48
Installation Issues
185
6
Should You Use MIT Source?
185
1
Types of Vendor-supplied X Distributions
186
1
X from Your OS Vendor
187
1
X from a Third Party
187
1
X Source Code from MIT
188
1
Complete or Client-only Distribution?
189
1
Installing Multiple X Releases
189
2
Source Preparation
191
6
Do You Have Enough Disk Space?
191
1
Is Your Platform Supported?
192
2
Applying OS Patches
194
1
Applying X Patches
194
2
Creating a Link Tree (Optional)
196
1
Simplest Case Build
197
1
Host Problems
198
6
Disk Space
198
1
Changing the tmp Directory Using TMPDIR (Ultrix and HP-UX)
199
1
Changing the tmp Directory Using-temp (SunOS)
200
1
Shared Library Installation (SunOS)
200
1
NFS Installation
201
1
NFS Installation Without Root Access
201
2
Installation Over the Network (rdist)
203
1
Installing the termcap or terminfo Definition for xterm
203
1
Simple Configuration
204
10
Configuration Parameters
205
1
site.def
205
2
The ProjectRoot Flag
207
1
The Platform Configuration File (platform.cf)
208
2
Configuration Example 1
210
1
Configuration Example 2
211
1
Configuration Example 3
212
1
Configuration Example 4
212
1
Configuration Example 5
213
1
Other Build Flags
213
1
xterm Build Flags
214
1
Building Programs After X Is Installed
214
2
xmkmf
214
1
Include Files
215
1
Libraries
216
1
More About imake
216
10
The make Program
216
1
The C Preprocessor
217
2
Imake Syntax
219
1
Comments in imake
219
1
Multi-line Macros (@@)
220
1
Concatenating Macros
221
1
Dealing with Tabs
222
1
imake Configuration Files
222
1
A Quick Tour of Files Used by imake
223
1
Using imake to Build X11
224
2
Porting Hints
226
4
Undefined Symbols or Functions
226
1
Missing Header Files
226
1
Missing Function Definitions
226
2
Searching for Preprocessor Symbols
228
2
Related Documentation
230
3
Appendix A Useful Things to Know
233
14
A.1 The comp.windows.x Newsgroup
233
1
A.2 How to ftp a File
234
3
A.2.1 Getting Files Using ftpmail
235
2
A.2.2 BITFTP
237
1
A.3 The xstuff Mail Archive Server
237
1
A.4 Unpacking Files
238
1
A.5 Making a Filesystem Available via NFS
239
1
A.6 How to Add a Host
239
3
A.6.1 Adding a Host to /etc/hosts
239
1
A.6.2 Adding a Host Using NIS
240
1
A.6.3 Adding a Host Using DNS
240
2
A.7 Adding an Ethernet Address
242
1
A.8 Printing Documentation in the MIT X Distribution
242
1
A.9 Converting a Number Into Hexadecimal and Back
243
1
A.10 Configuring a Sun as an X terminal
243
1
A.11 Using More than One Frame Buffer Under SunOS
244
3
Appendix B Compiling Public Domain Software
247
24
B.1 Finding the Sources
247
4
B.1.1 Using an Archie Server
248
2
B.1.2 Get the FAQ
250
1
B.1.3 The Usual Suspects
250
1
B.2 An Example: xarchie
251
8
B.2.1 Getting the xarchie Sources
251
1
B.2.2 Untarring the Sources
252
2
B.2.3 Editing the Imakefile
254
1
B.2.4 Compiling the Source
255
4
B.3 Using Patches
259
5
B.4 Another Example: xkeycaps
264
4
B.5 Related Documentation
268
3
Appendix C X on Non-UNIX Platforms
271
10
C.1 X on DOS-based PCs
272
3
C.1.1 Requirements for PC X Servers
272
1
C.1.2 Installing and Configuring PC X Servers
273
1
C.1.3 Problems Particular to PC X Servers
274
1
C.2 X on Macintosh Computers
275
2
C.2.1 Macintosh-based X Servers
275
1
C.2.2 MacTCP and the Communications Toolbox
276
1
C.3 X on NeXT Computers
277
4
Appendix D Resources and Keysym Mappings
281
16
D.1 Using Resources
281
9
D.1.1 Resource Definition Syntax
281
1
D.1.1.1 Loose and Tight Bindings
282
1
D.1.1.2 The-name Command-line Option
283
1
D.1.1.3 xterm Versus XTerm
283
2
D.1.2 Where Resources Are Defined
285
2
D.1.3 Advantages of xrdb
287
1
D.1.4 Translation Tables
288
2
D.2 Defining Keys and Button Presses With xmodmap
290
3
D.2.1 Using xev to Learn Keysym Mappings
292
1
D.3 Related Documentation
293
4
Appendix E The Components of X Products
297
10
E.1 MIT X11 Release 5
298
1
E.2 OSF/Motif
299
1
E.3 Sun OpenWindows
300
1
E.4 DECWindows
301
1
E.5 AIXWindows
302
1
E.6 Silicon Graphics
302
1
E.7 A Guide to X11 Libraries
303
4
Appendix F Getting X11
307
8
F.1 Where Can I Get X11R5?
307
4
F.2 Where Can I Get Patches to X11R5?
311
1
F.3 Where Can I Get X11R4?
311
4
Appendix G Error Messages
315
1
G.1 X Errors
315
3
G.2 UNIX Errors
318
2
G.3 Compilation Errors
320