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Tables of Contents for Soft-Computing in Human-Related Sciences
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Acknowledgments
Part 1. Robotics, Prostheses, Control
Fuzzy control methodology: basics and state of the art
3
34
Toshio Fukuda
Naoyuki Kubota
Introduction
3
6
Fuzzy computing and neural computing
5
2
Evolutionary computing
7
1
Emerging synthesis for computational intelligence
8
1
Inference mechanisms for fuzzy controller
9
8
Min-max-gravity method
11
1
Product-sum-gravity method
12
1
Functional fuzzy inference method
13
1
Simplified fuzzy inference method
14
1
Tsukamoto fuzzy model
15
2
Learning, adaptation, and evolution for fuzzy controller
17
13
Learning for a fuzzy controller
18
4
Evolution of a fuzzy controller
22
1
Representation of a candidate solution
23
1
Genetic operators
24
3
Fitness function and selection mechanism
27
1
Evolutionary process with learning
28
2
Applications of fuzzy controllers to biomedical engineering
30
1
Fuzzy image processing in biomedical engineering
30
1
Fuzzy diagnosis systems in biomedical engineering
30
1
Related applications
31
1
Summary
31
1
References
32
5
Learning eye-arm coordination using neural and fuzzy neural techniques
37
30
Adrian Stoica
Introduction
38
2
Models of motor control and skill learning and their use in studies of human motor behavior, bioengineering, and robotics
38
1
Humanoid robots as personal assistants
39
1
Organization of the chapter
39
1
Learning motor skills by humanoid robots
40
4
Exploration, imitation, and knowledge-based learning
40
1
Teaching by demonstration, learning by imitation
41
2
Learning to walk
43
1
Neural and fuzzy neural modeling
44
10
Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and neuro-fuzzy hybrids
44
1
The relational approach to system modeling
45
4
Fuzzy logic neurons and numerical resolution of fuzzy relational equations
49
5
Experiments in learning eye-arm coordination
54
8
A model for eye-arm coordination
54
3
Data acquisition for model identification: technique and experimental setup
57
2
Neural and fuzzy-neural models for visuo-motor mapping
59
3
Robot imitating the movement of the teaching arm
62
1
Discussion and conclusion
62
2
References
64
3
Learning stiffness characteristics of the human hand using a neuro-fuzzy system
67
26
Alexander Iliesh
Abraham Kandel
Introduction
67
8
Stiffness characteristics of the human hand during posture
68
4
Methods of learning
72
2
Using a neuro-fuzzy system to solve the learning problem
74
1
Main issues
75
1
The model
75
5
Simulations and results
80
5
Discussion
85
2
References
87
4
Appendix A. Symbols and abbreviations
91
2
Fuzzy reduction control of acceleration and vibration of a stretcher-cart on an ambulance
93
22
Mikio Maeda
Shuta Murakami
Introduction
94
2
Fuzzy control system for reduction of acceleration and vibration
96
6
Fuzzy control system
96
1
Fuzzy logic controller design
97
1
Indirect fuzzy controller
98
2
Direct fuzzy controller
100
2
Measurements of vehicle acceleration and vibration
102
2
Control simulations
104
6
Models
104
1
Control of vibrations in the x-y plane
105
5
Conclusions
110
1
References
111
4
Part 2. Medical Diagnosis and Health Care
Computational intelligence for medical information analysis and refinement
115
22
Patrik Eklund
Lena Kallin
Gustaf Selen
Introduction
116
1
Models of motor control and skill learning and their use in studies of human motor behavior, bioengineering, and robotics
116
1
Information scope and management
116
7
The patient's view of health care
118
1
The clinician's view of health care
119
1
Case studies and scenarios
119
1
Myocardial infarction
120
1
Down's syndrome
121
1
Information organization
122
1
A medical information systems perspective
123
4
Implementing an expert system
127
4
The architecture of the Clinician's Workstation
131
3
The Clinician's Workstation
131
1
The production line
132
1
The extraction phase
132
1
The analysis phase
133
1
The synthesis phase
133
1
Conclusion
134
1
References
134
3
Intelligent diagnostic systems in maternal and fetal medicine
137
62
Sinan Beksac
Aydan J. Erkmen
Sezer Aksel
Ugur Halici
Kemal Leblebicioglu
Meral Beksac
Volkan Atalay
Lakhmi C. Jain
Introduction
138
1
Data structure and decision making in maternal and fetal medicine
138
4
Intelligent techniques
142
26
Signal processing and feature extraction
142
1
Signal processing
142
4
Feature extraction
146
3
Decision making
149
1
Expert systems (ES)
149
2
Fuzzy logic and belief functions
151
9
Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
160
8
Intelligent diagnostic systems in maternal-fetal medicine
168
23
Preconceptive and prenatal diagnosis
169
1
Prediction of the hCG administration day in hMG
169
9
Automated cytogenetics
178
8
Triple test
186
1
Perinatal surveillance
187
1
Antepartum fetal heart rate testing (nonstress testing)
187
1
Doppler velocimetry
187
3
Fetal ultrasonography
190
1
Conclusions
191
1
References
192
7
Wavelet network with convex wavelets: applications to nonlinear system modeling and feature extraction in vectorcardiography
199
36
Eiji Uchino
Takashi Samatsu
Takeshi Yamakawa
Introduction
200
1
Wavelet network and its learning algorithm
200
5
Desirable features of the wavelet function for the wavelet network
200
2
Several types of wavelet networks
202
1
Learning algorithms
203
2
Convex wavelet and its assignment
205
1
Performance of the wavelet network
206
7
Function approximation
206
3
Modeling nonlinear dynamical systems
209
4
Applications to electrocardiography
213
11
Vectorcardiogram feature extraction
213
1
Lead systems for vectorcardiography
213
1
Wavelet network for vectorcardiogram
214
1
Vectorcardiogram modeling
215
2
Feature visualization
217
4
Data compression of electrocardiograms
221
1
High speed learning algorithm
222
Application to electrocardiograms
219
5
Conclusions
224
1
Appendix A. Admissibility condition and orthogonality for wavelet functions
225
1
Admissibility condition
225
1
Orthogonality
226
1
Appendix B. Proof of the convergence of the wavelet series with convex wavelets
226
5
References
231
2
Further reading on wavelet decompositions
233
2
H.N. Teodorescu
Features-oriented filtering of biological signals
235
58
Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu
Cristian Bonciu
Signal processing as a task-oriented process
236
2
Features-space filtering systems
238
3
Adaptive structures
239
1
Features-spaces for filtering systems
240
1
Principal component analysis in features extraction
241
14
Dimensionality reduction through PCA
242
2
FIR filter design and PCA
244
4
PCA neural network
248
1
PCA network adaptation procedure
249
3
Nonlinear PCA networks
252
3
Radial basis function (RBF) networks
255
10
Approximation error and supervised RBF learning
257
4
Regularization with RBF networks
261
2
Unsupervised basis function parameter optimization
263
2
Adaptive hybrid systems
265
9
FIR filter - RBF features extractor hybrid system
266
4
MLP filter - PCA features extractor hybrid system
270
4
ECG filtering in features space
274
10
ECG filtering with PCA features extractor
276
4
ECG filtering with RBF features extractor
280
3
Discussion
283
1
Concluding remarks
284
1
Appendix. Interpolation and approximation with radial basis functions
284
3
References
287
6
Part 3. Applications in Psychology, Nutrition, and Professional Evaluation
An emotion-processing system based on fuzzy inference and subjective observations
293
42
Naruki Shirahama
Torao Yanaru
Masahiro Nagamatsu
Introduction
294
1
Mechanism for emotional variation by input words
294
2
Image codes of words
294
2
Fuzzy inference for pure emotions
296
1
Expression of emotional transition based on subjective observations
296
11
Expression of emotions by vectors and conditional Euclidean space
296
4
Affine mapping and pair vectors for subjective observation
300
3
How to estimate the coefficients of a true vector in a certain LS by several subjective observations
303
3
Theory for time-dependent subjective observations
306
1
Computer simulations and results
307
20
Experiments for objectivity on the selected mixed emotional words
307
5
Experiments for emotional transition in time by several subjective observations
312
14
Emotional clustering diagram
326
1
Conclusions
327
3
Appendix A. Outline of Plutchik's theory and basic behavior dimensions
330
2
Appendix B. Outline of Young's theory
332
1
References
332
1
Remarks on the use of fuzzy logic and soft computing in psychology
333
2
H.N. Teodorescu
Fuzzy methods in nutrition planning and education and in clinical nutrition
335
16
Bernd Wirsam
Andreas Hahn
Introduction
335
2
Crisp and fuzzy interpretation of RDAs
337
2
Principles of assessing RDA-oriented nutrition by fuzzy methods
339
4
Modifiers for special diets
343
1
Setting recommendations by fuzzy methods
343
3
Nutrition control
346
2
Applications
348
1
Discussion and conclusions
349
1
References
350
1
Designing experiments for medical diagnosis evaluation using membership functions
351
26
Jose Luis Verdegay
Alejandro Sancho-Royo
Introduction
352
1
Membership functions built using measurement theory
353
7
Various tasks for information gathering
354
1
Simple stimuli task
354
1
Alternative choice task
354
1
Stimuli comparison task
355
1
Stimuli arrangement task
355
1
Membership functions for various tasks
355
1
Simple stimuli task
356
1
Alternative choice task
357
1
Stimuli comparison task
357
1
Stimuli arrangement task
358
1
Example
358
1
Aggregation of evaluations
359
1
A general framework for applications
360
13
Objectives
360
1
Individual objectives
360
1
Stimuli objectives
361
1
Characteristic-related objectives
361
5
An experimental design for medical diagnosis evaluation
366
1
Experimental elements: individuals, stimuli, characteristics
367
1
Tasks
367
1
Hypotheses and objectives
368
1
Formalization
369
4
Conclusions
373
1
References
374
3
Index of Terms
377