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Tables of Contents for Disposal Options for Ships
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
iii
Figures
ix
Tables
xi
Summary
xiii
Acknowledgments
xxi
Acronyms and Abbreviations
xxiii
Introduction
1
8
Origins of the Inactive Fleet
3
3
Concerns About Navy Recycling
4
1
Environmental and Worker Safety Considerations
5
1
Cost-Effectiveness
6
1
Evaluating the Options
6
3
Long-Term Storage
9
6
The Costs of Preservation Maintenance
9
3
Major Concerns
12
2
Conclusions
14
1
Domestic Recycling
15
26
The Domestic Ship Recycling Industry
15
5
Industrial Capabilities
20
1
The Cost of a Domestic Recycling Program
21
14
Estimating the Cost of Dismantling
22
2
Accounting for Ship Complexity and Weight
24
5
Estimating the Error in the Recycling Cost
29
1
Conclusions on Estimating the Recycling Cost
29
1
Estimating Revenues from the Sale of Scrap and Reusable Equipment
30
1
Estimating Tow Preparation and Towing
31
4
Estimating Ship Storage Costs
35
1
Estimating the Error in the Tow, Storage, and Revenue Estimates
35
1
Domestic Recycling Cost Model
35
2
Navy and MARAD Budget Requirements
37
2
Conclusions
39
2
Overseas Recycling
41
18
The International Ship Recycling Industry
41
13
Three Potential Recyclers for U.S. Ships
43
8
The European Naval Role in the Ship Recycling Industry
51
3
Towing Ships to Overseas Recycling Sites
54
2
Impediments to Overseas Recycling
56
2
Conclusions
58
1
Reefing
59
22
The Demand for Artificial Reefs
60
5
Artificial Reefs for Promotion of Marine Life and Fishing Purposes
61
1
Artificial Reefs for Sport Diving
62
2
Other Uses
64
1
Adequacy of Demand for Artificial Reefs
65
1
Impediments to Reefing Programs
65
5
State and Federal Standards
66
1
U.S. Coast Guard Standards
66
4
Canadian Standards
70
1
Navy SINKEX Standards
70
1
The Cost of a Domestic Reefing Program
70
7
Estimating the Cost of Preparing Ships for Reefing
71
3
Estimating the Error in the Reef Preparation Cost
74
1
Estimating the Cost of a Reefing Program
74
3
The Economic Benefits of Artificial Reefs
77
2
Conclusions
79
2
Analyzing the Ship Disposal Options
81
64
Removal of the Overseas Recycling Option
81
1
Comparative Analysis of Remaining Three Options
81
5
Long-Term Storage
81
2
Domestic Recycling
83
1
Reefing
84
2
Conclusions
86
1
Recommendations
87
2
Appendix
A. The Fleet for Disposal
89
24
B. Estimating the Amount of Recyclable Materials and Wastes in Domestic Ship Recycling
113
16
C. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Vessels
129
6
D. Scrap Metal Prices
135
8
E. Cost-Revenue Spreadsheet Model
143
2
Bibliography
145
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