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Tables of Contents for Rhetoric Versus Reality
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
iii
Summary
xi
Acknowledgments
xxv
Family Choice and the Common School
1
32
The Movement for Choice in Education
3
6
Common Features of Voucher and Charter Schools
9
5
Admission by Choice
10
2
Market Accountability
12
1
Autonomous, Nongovernment Operation
12
2
Public Policy and Private Choice: A Note on the Scope of Our Inquiry
14
3
Challenging the Common School Model
17
7
The Common School Model
17
3
The Challenge
20
3
``Private'' or ``Public''?
23
1
Defining the Relevant Empirical Issues
24
4
Academic Achievement
25
1
Choice
26
1
Access
26
1
Integration
27
1
Civic Socialization
27
1
Values and Knowledge in the School-Choice Debate
28
2
Summary: Key Policy Questions in Brief
30
3
Vouchers and Charters in Policy and Practice
33
36
Policy-Design Dimensions Common to Voucher and Charter Programs
34
11
Regulatory Dimensions
34
3
Financing Dimensions
37
2
Examples of Regulatory and Financing Differences
39
6
Differences Between Voucher and Charter Programs
45
5
Public Accountability
45
2
Religion
47
1
Participation of Existing Private Schools
48
1
Funding
48
2
Education Tax Subsidies
50
1
Sample Voucher and Charter Policies
51
7
Sample Voucher Programs
52
2
Sample Charter Laws
54
1
Universal-Choice Systems of Autonomous Schools
55
3
Characteristics of Voucher and Charter Schools
58
9
Enrollment, School Size, and Pupil-Teacher Ratio
60
2
Grade-Level Configuration
62
1
Teachers
62
2
Program Content
64
2
Complementary Programs and Resources
66
1
Summary
67
2
Academic Achievement
69
46
Theoretical Arguments
70
2
Effects on Students in Voucher and Charter Schools
72
32
Methodological Issues
72
4
Evidence from Voucher Programs
76
15
Evidence from Charter Schools
91
7
Evidence from School Choice in Other Contexts
98
3
Literature on Public and Private Schools
101
2
Final Thoughts on Achievement in Voucher and Charter Schools
103
1
Effects on Students Remaining in Assigned Public Schools
104
9
Systemic Effects of Vouchers
105
5
Systemic Effects of Charter Schools
110
1
Studies of Interdistrict and Public-Private Competition
111
2
What Is Not Yet Known About Academic Outcomes
113
2
Choice
115
24
Theoretical Arguments
116
1
Demand for Choice
117
4
Extent of Choice in the Current System
117
2
Demand for Existing Voucher and Charter Programs
119
2
Supply of Autonomous Schools
121
7
Existing Empirical Evidence
122
2
Constraints on Supply
124
4
Parental Satisfaction in Autonomous Schools
128
9
Parential Satisfaction in Voucher Schools
128
6
Parental Satisfaction in Charter Schools
134
2
A Concluding Note on Parental Satisfaction
136
1
Summary
137
2
Access
139
18
Theoretical Arguments
140
3
Who Uses Vouchers?
143
9
Family Income of Voucher Students
143
3
Race and Ethnicity of Voucher Students
146
1
Prior Academic Achievement of Voucher Students
147
1
Education Level of Voucher Parents
148
1
Vouchers and Students with Disabilities
149
3
Who Attends Charter Schools?
152
3
Charter Schools and Children in Poverty
153
1
Race and Ethnicity of Charter-School Students
153
1
Prior Academic Achievement of Charter-School Students
154
1
Charter Schools and Students with Disabilities
155
1
Summary
155
2
Integration
157
28
The History of Choice and the Racial Politics of Schooling
158
2
Theoretical Arguments
160
2
Conceptual and Measurement Issues
162
2
Integration in Existing Voucher and Charter Programs
164
8
Integration in Voucher Schools
165
3
Integration in Charter Schools
168
4
Evidence from Other Contexts
172
6
How Do Families Choose?
172
2
Unrestricted-Choice and Open-Enrollment Plans
174
3
Controlled Choice and the Importance of Policy Details
177
1
Unresolved Complexities and Tensions
178
4
Between-School versus Within-School Integration
178
1
Integration in School versus Residential Integration
179
1
Targeting versus Integration in Charter Schools
180
1
Quality of Integration
180
1
Choice, Integration, and Social Trust
181
1
Summary
182
3
Civic Socialization
185
16
Historical Perspective
185
3
Historic Roots of the Democratic Purposes of Public Schools
186
1
Civic Socialization in the 21st Century
187
1
Theoretical Arguments Concerning Civic Socialization and Choice
188
3
Arguments in Favor of Vouchers and Charters
188
1
Arguments in Favor of Conventional Public Schools
189
2
Empirical Findings
191
8
What Is Civic Socialization?
191
1
Evidence from Existing Voucher and Charter Schools
192
2
Civic Socialization in Public and Private Schools
194
3
Civic Socialization in Catholic Schools
197
2
Summary
199
2
Conclusions and Policy Implications
201
34
Assessing the Challenge
201
1
Summarizing the Evidence
202
11
What Is Known
202
2
What Is Not Known
204
2
What Could Be Known
206
2
What Might Be Learned Through a Grand Experiment
208
2
A Note on Cost
210
3
Implications for Large-Scale Choice Programs
213
6
Considerations in Policy Design
219
13
How Might Policymakers Maximize the Likelihood That Voucher/Charter Schools Will Be Academically Effective?
220
1
How Might Policymakers Maximize the Likelihood That Systemic Effects on Nonchoosers Will Be Positive Rather than Negative?
221
2
How Can Policymakers Ensure That a Substantial Number of Autonomous Schools Will Be Available?
223
2
How Can Policymakers Ensure That Autonomous Schools Will Serve Low-Income and Special-Needs Children?
225
5
How Can Policymakers Promote Integration in Programs of Autonomous Schooling?
230
1
How Can Policymakers Ensure That Voucher/Charter Schools Will Effectively Socialize Their Students to Become Responsible Citizens of the American Democracy?
231
1
Final Thoughts
232
3
References
235
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